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COMPTES RENDUS LA SOCIÉTÉ ROYALE Nr 19

CANADA

TROISIÈME SÉRIE TOME XII.

SÉANCE DE MAI 1918

BN VENTE CHEZ

JAS. HOPE ET FILS, OTTAWA; LA CIE COPP-CLARK (LIMITÉE), TORONTO

BERNARD QUARITCH, LONDRES, ANGLETERRE 1919

PROCEEDINGS

TRANSACTIONS

OF

THE ROWAL SOCIETY

OF

CANADA

THIRD SERIES—VOLUME XII.

MEETING OF MAY, 1918

FOR SALE BY

JAS. HOPE & SON, OTTAWA; THE COPP-CLARK CO. (Lim1tep), TORONTO BERNARD QUARITCH, LONDON, ENGLAND

1919

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Officers of the Society 1918-19................20 1 List of Fellows and Corresponding and Retired Members... 2-7 LD AE EU A) REP 0 Fee eg NCO es IAN 8 Wiis) Ole A SSUCTUIED, SOCIETES one Seen tee ene hee ECC aes 9-10 PROCEEDINGS. List of Officers and Fellows present.......:..:.......... I-IT RICO MCU ee rhs ret ans Sith ses NE rh an Ay ee me IT List of Fellows on Active Service. .......,....4.2... re Il Minutes of Annual Meeting, 1917, confirmed............ IT Report of Council: 1. Proceedings and Transactions, Current volume........ II-I1I BSE ICCHOM: Cin Bib FRELLOWS <<. Ape. CEE ER Sen EEE ITT-IV LPSC IT EMRrS SR LC saath PEN ma Ne CRE PA IV-XVI 4. The Honorary Advisory Council for Scientific and WRIST ICUs I CSCOT GM Pcs, Canna Fs isn Steel sh A XVI-XVIII 5. Sir John Murray Memorial Lecture................. XVIII 6. Report of the Honorary Librarian................... XVIII-XIX GT INONCES Of TRE SACEOLN el a le een as le et XIX-XX GENERAL BUSINESS. Report of. Councal.receiued. "5.244 eee Line oe od oe XX Introduction of Hon. Mr. Justice Riddell................ XX Visit to New Parliament Building...................... XX Presidlential A GATESS wane, 2 RE TR A RE Te teat en XX Report of Counc. adopied = "Mes TR - XX Confirmation of Election and Introduction of New Fellows XXI Amendments to By-laws, including Constitution of a new Section and Increase in Membership Fees....... XXI-XXIII Reports Of. ASSOCUALed SOGIEHES En LTD RAT asl XXIII Resolution regarding Decoration of New Parliament Building XXIV ODA DECITRE RRR Re RS Aer Mig sue XXIV Establishment of ‘Sir William Ramsay Memorial Fellow- NEDA” ME ROMER 0e als SRR A Rea RN oe ONE RE XXIV ROOMS OS ECHOS ES. ARE at eH es NS KXV-XXXVII Report of Nominating Commitiee.:......:............. XXXVII General’ Printing Commillee.... Li... XXXVII Vote of thanks to Officers and Council................... XXXVII

Il THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

A PPENDIGES. A.—Presidential Address. By W. D. LIGHTHALL, M.A.,

BC. FRS.C:. cae. 2d. sl XXXIX

B.—The Meteorological Service of Canada. By SIR

FREDERIC STEUR ARE IST She ReS@ foe ER 1.485 C.—Forest Products Laboratories. By Dr. J.S. BATES... LXXXV TRANSACTIONS.

SECTION -I.

Les Français dans l'Ouest en 1671. Par, BENJAMIN SULTE... ». 1 Le partage de l'immigration Canadienne depuis 1900. Par

GEORGES PELLETIER: 2000 ER de MERE 33 Le dernier effort de la France au Canada. Par GUSTAVE

TOAINIC TOD. 1. RENE RP SERRE 41 Le portage du Témiscouata. Par le FR. MARIE-VICTORIN.... 55 L'engagement des Sept Chênes. Par L.-A. PRUD’HOMME...... 165 La Maréchaussée de Québec sous le Régime Français. Par

PIERRE-GEORGESMROV 2h). Sac RIRE PRO 189 Le Siège de l'Amirauté de Québec sous le Régime Français. Par

PIERRE-GEGORGES, ROYALE NA Ie AR Re aa 193 Nos ancêtres étaient-ils ignorants? Par BENJAMIN SULTE...... 201 Arrêts, Edits, Ordonnances, Mandements et Règlements Conservés

dans les Archives du Palais de Justice de Montréal.

Par E.=Z.. MASSIEORDE AMC cers ee ES 209

SECTION

The Genesis of the University of New Brunswick. By ARCH-

DEACON? WW IO: RAVMOND EE RES PP CES 95 Pre-Assembly Legislatures in British Canada. By JUSTICE

RIDDELL 4 2 eee eae ie ES 109 Old Church Silver in Canada. By E. ALFRED JONES.......... 135 Prehistoric Canadian Art as a Source of Distinctive Design. By

HARLAN TL: SMITH: 2,12 MN ae ER 151 The Pre-Selkirk Settlers of Old Assiniboia. By REV. GEORGE

BRYCE soc 40e See's Sig Soe 0e CONS PEER 155 Henry James and his Method. By PELHAM EDGAR............ 225 1776 and 1914, a Contrast in British Colonial Action. By SIR

ROBERT A: FALCONER: 4: RMS eee ee 241

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION III.

Presidential Address —The War and Science. By A. STANLEY IVINS EEE. ARR. Le RO ec

Constitution of Certain Polynitro .Compounds. By J. BisHop TINGLE AND WALTER ALBERT LAWRANCE.

Stearic and Palmitic Esters of the Isomeric Brapulene ER

Ve SABE HOWRBS.. 7.20 re NS ae UE

The Compounds of Phenol and the Cresols with Pyridine À bstract. By F. W. SKIRROW AND T. V. BINMORE............ On an Electrical Method of Determining the Lime Requirements 0) Res 0 DC) gh 0 ce TAG ane ea The Composition of Bran and Shorts as Milled under Regulations of the Canada Food Board. By FRANK T. SHUTT AND RON eo? DORRANCE ty hte harm ey Seo rig eee, te! Some Notes on the Halifax Explosion. By Howarp L. BRONSON The Transmission of Earthquake Waves. By Orto KLOTz.... The Application of Wireless by the Dominion Observatory for Longitude Determinations. By R. M. STEWART...... Air and the Law of Corresponding States. By A. L. CLARK... The Angle of Contact on Glass Made by Mercury when covered Dine Anonersliquiln By Als wOEARK ct. eon ere Periodic Precipitation. By Miss A. W. FOSTER.............. Regularities in the Spectra of Lead and Tin. By R. V. ZUMSTEIN New Lines in the Extreme Ultra-Violet of Certain Metals. By BOS AMEN AND) LS PUELER okie se. fo tke. The Adsorption of Helium by Charcoal. By STUART MCLEAN... The “‘Alkal’”’ Content of Soils as Related to Crop Growth. By PRANE PoSHutr AND: SMITE oJ ae ee A Comparative Study of Magnetic Declination at Agincourt and Meanook during the year 1917. By W. E. W. JACKSON Summary of Fog-Signal Researches carried out at Father Point,

Que (1913 on 7 By eOUIs VANING 3) bie of. On the Penetration of Frost in Concrete Structures. By Louts V. TSIEN GES PP Eee Segoe RA ve, maken Pc one

The Carbonization of Lignites. Part II. Large Laboratory Tests. _ By EDGAR STANSFIELD AND Ross E. GILMORE..... :

A Comparison of Anemometers under Open Air Conditions. By AEENORMAN. SH A Wises Seine atl sii eee. Vol lon Ds à

The Use of a Simple Form of Pitot-Tube Under Open Air Con- an10NS., JBY AS NORMAMBOM AW ges cis . ee oats de bis

On the Embodiment in Actual Numbers of the Kummer ul in ihe) Quadratic Realm: -By J.C} GLASHAN:: en

Ill

109

139

IV THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

The Utilization of Nitre Cake in the Manufacture of Superphos- phate. By FRANK T. SHUTT AND L. E. WRIGHT....

An Agricultural Source of Benzoic Acid. By P. J. MOLONEY AND FE RANK LT. SHUM See! .c0 .. ONE

The Radioactivity of the Natural Gases of Canada. By JOHN SATTERLY AND J. C. MCLENNAN..

The Analysis of Photographs of Fog Scans Ohigined nn the Phonodeik. By DAytTon C. MILLER.. SRE

Concerning the Integrals of Lelieuvre. By C.T. Sai: ANR

Rational Plane Anharmonic Cubics. By A. M. HARDING......

SECTION: IN. Bacteria of Frozen Soils in Quebec, II. By J. VANDERLECK.... The Cretaceous genus Stegoceras typifying à new family referred provisionally to the Stegosauria. By LAWRENCE M. LAMPE al slit 5 8k on Phe ea tps ota, ee ee Notes on the Origin of Colerainite. By EUGENE POITEVIN..... A Report on Results Obtained from the Microdtssection of Certain Cells. By ROBERT CHAMBERS. . x The Scale Method of Calculating the Rate “ ob in ioe By AG Ein TSN AN ie EN 5 Re eas RS PU The Vertical Distribution of Certain Intertidal Animals. By A Gr EUNTSMAN 2253.08 rene ein nie RS The Effect of the Tide on the Distribution of the Fishes of the Canadian Atlantic Coast. By A. G. HUNTSMAN...... The Inheritance of the Length of the Flowering and Ripening Pertods in Wheat. By W. P. THOMPSON............ Preliminary Study of the Western Gas Fields of Canada. By DD. Br ID OWSING ire lad, hc he ayes Aer ot) SERRE Branchioderma and Branchiotrema. By ARTHUR WILLEY. Some Problems of New Brunswick Geology. By L. W. Bars AN DMG. EMEA Wo Lier ONCE ER Monobrachium parasitum and other West Coast Hydroids. By CE: McEh@an FRASER NN Er PRE * Migrations of Marine Animals. By C. McLEAN FRASER..... A Report on Cross Fertilization Experiments. By ROBERT CHAMBERS AND BESSIP*NMIOSSOP ©.) eee eet A Contribution to the Evolution and Morphology of the Human Skull. ‘By JouHn CAMERON = 1c ER On -Fermenie:. “By RUPP. GRAHAM... Ue ae eae ce eae A Rosette Forming Organism. By F. C. HARRISON. . Exuviation and Variation of Plankton Copepods 7 er

reference to Calanus finmarchicus. By Mary E. CURRIE

141

149

THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

FOUNDER: HIS GRACE THE DUKE OF ARGYLL, K.T., &c.

(WHEN GOVERNOR-GENERAL OF CANADA IN 1882)

OFFICERS FOR 1918-1919

HONORARY PATRON:

HIS EXCELLENCY THE DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE, KG En ee

PRESIDENT—Hon. RODOLPHE LEMIEUX, LL.D. VICE-PRESIDENT—R. F. RUTTAN, M.D., C.M., D.Sc.

FIONORARY SEGRETAR Vou cic I cei gine DUNCAN C. SCOTT. ITONORARY: | TREASURER Suscisiice PERS C. GORDON HEWITT, D.Sc. FIONORAR Va PTIBR ARIANE RE RUE D. B. DOWLING, B.Sc.

OFFICERS OF SECTIONS? SEC. I.—Littérature française, histoire, archéologie, sociologie, économie politique et sujets connèxes.

PRÉSIDENMARS ANS EAN SR EUGENE ROUILLARD. VICE-PRÉSIDENT: 2 a1) sists ne am ete VICTOR MORIN. SECRÉBAIRE SN tate hPa RES AURA AR C.-MARIUS BARBEAU.

SEC. II.—English Literature, History, Archeology, Sociology, Political Economy and Allied Subjects.

TETRUDIS) Dy DIN aA A) pet ee SE gee an MAURICE HUTTON, M.A., LL.D. NAGE-E RESIDENT 22 eu ohn oui aaa W. LAWSON GRANT, M.A. SHE RED ANR GV acre ee operons ACNE) Een rset LAWRENCE J. BURPEE, F.R.G.S.

SEC. III.—Mathematical, Physical and Chemical Sciences. EERESIDEN Dat cantts cre selection eae ee ene LOUIS V. KING, M.A., D.Sc. NICE PRESIDENT at st sien ace eto occ erate eae A. S. EVE, D.Sc. DEGHMUARY mics cond Sire hierdie caw weerUr ANNE Fee SEN ibs NAL SD OC:

SEC. IV.—Geological Sciences (including Mineralogy). PIRESTID ENT 2e CR EU LOS PE Re eat ie We BATE RY, MEAS Pha: itn PRESIDEN ic 2022 cd dote Sale wale a JOHN A. DRESSER, M.A. SPOUSE eae Ve ene Ug Yo SARA ue LUE WILLIAM McINNES, B.A. SEC. V.—Biological Sciences.

RRESIDENTI tals va. Boe nite ats RE Le ne FRANGIS C. HARRISON, B.S.A., D.Sc. NICE PRESIDENTS AT Le steele aot Howse NUN BIE BA P RAD; SECRETARY. S25: NE RSC RARE FORT eg ed J. J. MACKENZIE, B.A., M.B.

ADDITIONAL MEMBERS OF COUNCIL: Permanent Members

SIR JAMES GRANT, K.C.M.G. BENJAMIN SULTE, LL.D.

LAWRENCE M. LAMBE, F.G:S. BRANES Des ADAMS. PhDs. Mh Rios. F.G.S,

. Past Presidents

ALFRED BAKER, M.A., LL.D. A. B. MACALLUM, Ph.D., F.R.S.

Web. LIGH THALTA MA.. BCL. bP . RS.

Proc., Sig. 1

THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA LIST OF FELLOWS, 1918-1919 The date given is the date of election; c, denotes a charter member.

SECTION I.—LITTÉRATURE FRANÇAISE, HISTOIRE, ARCHEOLOGIE, SOCIOLOGIE, ETC.

1916—BARBEAU, C.-M., LL.L., B.Sc. et Dipl. Anth. (Oxon.), Geological Survey, Ottawa. c—BÉGIN, S. E. LE CARDINAL L.-N., Th.D., archevêque de Québec, Qvébec. 1905—Brucuest, S. G. Mer. PAUL, Th.D., archevêque de Montréal, Montréal. 1902—Cuapais, THomas, Litt. D., chevalier de la Légion d’honneur, membre du Conseil législatif, Québec. 1916—CHARTIER, L'ABBÉ ÉMILE, Ph.D. (Romain), Litt. Lic. (Paris), M.A. Hal Professeur à l’Université Laval, Montréal. 1914—CHOQUETTE, ERNEST, membre du Conseil législatif, Saint-Hilaire. 1917—CHOUINARD, H.-J.-J.-B., LL.B., C.M.G., Québec. 1890—Davip L.-O., chevalier de la Légion d’honneur, sénateur, Montréal. 1885—DECELLEs, A.-D., C.M.G., LL.D., Litt.D., chevalier de la Légion d’honneur, Ottawa. 1918—DESPRÉS, L’aBBE AZARIE COUILLARD, Sorel, Qué. 1918—F AUTEUX, AEGIDIUS, B. Lit., Montréal. 1915—GarNEAU, Hecror, LL.B., professeur à l'École d'enseignement supérieur de Montréal, Montréal. 1898—GÉRIN, LÉON, Coaticook. 1911—GOSSELIN, MONSIGNOR AMEDEE-E., M.A., Québec. 1892—GosSELIN, L'ABRÉ AUGUSTE, Litt.D., Saint-Charles-de-Bellechasse. 1918—GrouLx, L'ABBÉ LIONEL, M.A., Ph.D., Th.D., Montréal. 1908—LEMIEUX, RopoLrHE, LL.D., membre du Conseil privé du Canada, officier de la Légion d’honneur, Ottawa. 1911—LOZEAU, ALBERT, officier d’Académie, Montréal. 1908—MIGNAULT, PIERRE-BASILE, LL.D., C.R., Montréal. 1914—Monrvretir, Epouarp, LL.B., Dipl. Sc. Pol. (Paris), officier de l’Instruction publique, Montréal. 1916—Morix, Victor, B.A., LL.D., Montréal. 1909—MYRAND, ERNEST, Litt.D., Québec. 1903—PAQUET, Monsitcnor Louts-Ap., Th.D., Québec. 1917—PERRAULT, ANTONIO, LL.D., C.R., professeur a la Faculté de droit, Montréal. 1899—PorriER, PASCAL, chevalier de la Légion d’honneur, sénateur, Shédiac. 1903—Prup’HommgE, L.-A., juge., Saint-Boniface. 1908—Rivarp, Apjutor, M.A., Litt.D., Québec. 1915—RouILLARD, EUGENE, Litt.D., officier d’Académie, Québec. C—ROUTHIER, SIR ADOLPHE-B., C.G.C. (Saint-Grégoire), LL.D., Litt.D., ancien président général, Québec. 1904—Roy, L’ABBÉ CAMILLE, Litt.D., Litt. Lic. (Paris), Québec. 1911—Roy, PIERRE-GEORGES, Litt.D., officier de l’Instruction publique, Lévis. 1917—Scort, L'ABBÉ, H.-A., Th.D., Litt.D., Ste-Foy, Québec. C—SULTE, BENJAMIN, LL.D., Litt.D., ancien président général, Ottawa.

LIST OF FELLOWS 3

SECTION—II.—ENGLISH LITERATURE, HISTORY, ARCHÆOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, ETc.

1901—BRYCE, Rev. GEORGE, M.A., LL.D., Winnipeg (Ex-president). 1911—BURPEE, LAWRENCE J., F.R.G.S., Sec’y. International Joint Commission, Ottawa.

1917—CaPPON, JAMES, M.A., LL.D., Dean of the Faculty of Arts, Queen's Uni- versity, Kingston.

1906—CoYxeE, J. H., M.A., LL.D., St. Thomas.

1917—CuRRELLY, CHARLES TRICK, M.A., F.R.G.S., The Royal Museum of Arche- ology, Toronto. :

1906—CRUIKSHANK, BRIGADIER-GENERAL, E.A., LL.D., Ottawa.

c—DENIsON, Cot. G. T., B.C.L., Toronto. (Ex-president; life member).

1905—Doucuty, ARTHUR G., C.M.G., Litt. D., Dominion Archivist, Ottawa.

1915—Enpcar, PELHAM, Ph.D., Victoria College, Toronto.

1916—FALCONER, SIR ROBERT A., K.C.M.G., LL.D., D.Litt., President of the University of Toronto, Toronto.

1911—GRANT, W. Lawson, M.A. (Oxon.), Principal of Upper Canada College, Toronto.

1913—Hit-Tout, CHARLES, Abbotsford, B.C.

1917—Howay, JUDGE FREDERICK WILLIAM, LL.B., New Westminster, B.C.

1913—HutTton, Maurice, M.A., LL.D., University of Toronto, Toronto.

1910—KiInec, Hon. W. L. MACKENZIE, C.M.G., Ph.D., Ottawa.

1902—LIGHTHALL, WILLIAM Douw, M.A., B.C.L., F.R.S.L., Montreal.

1898—Lonctey, Hon. Mr. Justice, LL.D., Halifax.

1916—MACMECHAN, ARCHIBALD, B.A., Ph.D., Dalhousie University, Halifax.

1917—MACNAUGHTON, JOHN, M.A., LL.D., McGill University, Montreal.

1910—M ACPHAIL, SIR ANDREW, B.A., M.D., Montreal.

1914—M avor, JAMES, Ph.D., University of Toronto, Toronto.

1911—McLACHLAN, R. WALLACE, F.R.N.S., Westmount.

1918—Murray, WALTER C., M.A., LL.D., President of University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Sask.

1914—PETERSON, SIR WILLIAM, K.C.M.G., LL.D., Principal of McGill University, Montreal.

1913—PHILLIPps-WOLLEY, SIR CLIVE, Kt., F.R.G.S., Somenos, B.C.

1906—RAYMOND, VEN. ARCHDEACON W.O., LL.D., Toronto, Ont.

1917—RIDDELL, Hon. WILLIAM RENWICK, LL.D., Toronto, Ont.

1914—RoBERTSON, J. Ross, Toronto.

1899—Scott, D. CAMPBELL, Deputy Superintendent General of Indian Affairs, Ottawa.

1900—Scortt, REV. FREDERICK GEORGE, C.M.G., Quebec.

1906—SHORTT, ADAM, C.M.G., M.A., LL.D., Ottawa.

1916—SKELTON, Oscar D., M.A., Ph.D., Queen’s University, Kingston.

1911—WaLKER, SiR EpmunpD, C.V.O., Toronto.

1905—Woop, LrT.-CoL. WILLIAM, Quebec.

1908—WRONG, GEORGE M., M.A., University of Toronto, Toronto.

SECTION III.—MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL SCIENCES

1914— ALLAN, FRANCIS BarcLAY, M.A., Ph.D., University of Toronto, Toronto. (Life member). 1909—ALLEN, FRANK, M.A., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg.

4 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

1918—ArcuHIBALD, E H., M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S.E., University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B. C:

1915—Bain, JAMES WATSON, B.A. Sc., University of Toronto, Tovonia

1899—BAKER, ALFRED, M.A., LL.D., University of Toronto, Toronto), (Ex-president.

1902—Barnes, H. T., D.Sc., ERS. McGill University, Montreal. (Life member).

1916—Bronson, Howard L., B.A., Ph.D., Dalhousie University, Halifax.

1913—BURTON, E. FRANKLIN, B.A., Ph.D., University of Toronto, Toronto.

1915—C ark, A. L., B.Sc., Ph.D., Queen’s University, Kingston.

1897—Dawson, W. BELL, M.A., Ma.E., D.Sc., M. Inst. C.E., Ottawa.

1918—DELURY, ALFRED T., M.A., University of Toronto, Toronto.

c—DEVILLE, E., LL.D., I.S.O., Surveyor-General, Ottawa.

1891—ELLIs, W. H., M.D., University of Toronto, Toronto.

1910—Eve, A. S., D.Sc., McGill University, Montreal.

1909—FIELpDs, JOHN CHARLES, Ph.D., F.R.S., University of Toronto, Toronto.

1902—GLAsHAN, J. C., LL.D., Ottawa.

1891—Goopwin, W.L., D.Sc., Queen’s University, Kingston.

1908—HARKNESS, JAMES, M.A. (Cantab. & Lond.), McGill University, Montreal.

1911—HeErpt, Louis A., D.Sc., E.E., McGill University, Montreal.

1914—Jounson, F. M. G., M.Sc., Ph.D., F.I.C., McGill University, Montreal.

1911—KENRICK, FRANK B., M.A., Ph.D., University of Toronto, Toronto. (Life member).

1915—Kinc, Louis Vessot, M.A. (Cantab.), D.Sc., McGill University, Montreal.

1910—KzLorz, Orro, LL.D., F.R.A.S., Director Dominion Observatory, Ottawa.

1911—Lane, Co. WizrAM R., D.Sc., F.I.C., University of Toronto, Toronto.

1913—MacKenzir, A. STANLEY, B.A., Ph.D., D.C.L., President of Dalhousie Uni-

versity, Halifax.

1900—McGILL, ANTHONY, B.Sc., LL.D., Chief Abe Ottawa.

1909—McIntosu, Douctas, Ph.D., University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.

1903—McLENNAN, J. C., Ph.D., University of Toronto, Toronto.

1911—McCLUuNG, ROBERT K., M.A., D.Sc., B.A. (Cantab.), University of Manitoba,

Winnipeg.

1899—MiLzLERr, W. LaAsx, Ph.D., University of Toronto, Toronto. (Life member).

1918—PATTERSON, JOHN, M.A., Physicist with Meteorological Service of Canada, Toronto.

1910—PLASKETT, J. S., B.A., D.Sc., Astrophysical Observatory, Victoria, B.C.

1896—Ruttan, R. F., M.D., C.M., D.Sc., McGill University, Montreal.

1917—SATTERLY, JOHN, A.R.C.Sc., D.Sc., M.A., Physics Building, University of Toronto, Toronto.

1899—Suutt, F. T., M.A., D.Sc., F.I.C., F.C.S., Chemist, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. (Life member).

1913—STANSFIELD, ALFRED, D.Sc., A.R.S.M., McGill University, Montreal.

1901—STuPART, Sir FREDERIC, Kt., Director of the Meteorological Service, Toronto.

1917—SuLLIVAN, CHARLES THompson, B.A., M.Sc., Ph.D., McGill University, Montreal.

1918—TINcLE, JoHN B., A.B., Ph.D., McMaster University, Toronto.

1909—Tory, H. M., M.A., D.Sc., LL.D., President of the University of Alberta, Edmonton.

LIST OF FELLOWS 5

SECTION IV—GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES (INCLUDING MINERALOGY)

1896—Apams, FRANK D., Ph.D., D.Sc., F.R.S., F.G.S., McGill University, Montreal. (Ex-president). f

1900—Am1, HENRY M., M.A., D.Sc., F.G.S., Ottawa. (Life member).

c—BAILEy, L. W., M.A., Ph.D., University of New Brunswick, Fredericton.

1911—Brock, REGINALD, W., M.A., F.G.S., F.G.S.A., University of British Col- umbia, Vancouver, B.C.

1918—CAMSELL, CHARLES, B.A., Geological Survey, Vancouver, B.C.

1900—CoLEMAN, A. P., M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S., University of Toronto, Toronto.

1912—DowLiNG, D. B., B.Sc., Geological Survey, Ottawa.

1915—DRESSER, JOHN A., M.A., Montreal.

1913—F ARIBAULT, E.-RODOLPHE, B.A.Sc., Geological Survey, Ottawa.

1901—LAMBE, LAWRENCE M., F.G.S., Geological Survey, Oftawa. (Life member).

1913—McConnegELL, RICHARD G., B.A., Deputy Minister of Mines, Ottawa.

1912—McINNEs, WiLLiAM, B.A., Geological Survey, Ottawa. (Life member).

c—MATTHEW, G. F., M.A., D.Sc., St. John, N.B. (Life member).

1911—MILLEr, WiLLET G., B.A., LL.D., F.G.S.A., Toronto. (Life member).

* 1915—Parks, WILLIAM ARTHUR, B.A., Ph.D., University of Toronto, Toronto.

1910—TyrrELL, JoserH B., M.A., B.Sc., F.G.S., Toronto. (Life member).

1910—WauiteE, JAMES, F.R.G.S., Assistant to Chairman and Secretary, Commission of Conservation, Ottawa. :

SECTION V—BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES.

1902—ApamtI, J. G., F.R.S., M.A., M.D. (Cantab. and McGill), LL.D., F.R.S.E., McGill University, Montreal. 1910—BENSLEY, BENJ. A., Ph.D., University of Toronto, Toronto. 1892—BeETHUNE, REv. C. J. S.,.M.A., D.C.L., Guelph. (Life member). 1909—BuLLER, A. H. REGINALD, D.Sc., Ph.D., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg. 1885—Burcsss, T. J. W., M.D., Montreal. (Life member). 1912—F aut, J. H., B.A., Ph.D., University of Toronto, Toronto. 1916—FRASER, C. McLEAN, M.A., Ph.D., Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C. C—GRANT, Sir J. A., K.C.M.G., M.D., F.G.S., Ottawa. (Ex-president). 1916—Harris, D. FRASER, M.D., D.Sc., F.R.S.C., Dalhousie University, Halifax. 1910—Harrison, FRANCIS C., B.S.A., D.Sc., Macdonald College, Ste.-Anne de Bellevue, Que. 1913—HeEwitt, C. Gorpon, D.Sc., F.E.S., Dominion Entomologist, Ottawa. (Life member). 1913—HuARD, CHANOINE Victor-A., Sc.D., Conservateur du Musée de l’Instruc- tion publique, Québec. 1916—HUNTER, ANDREW, M.A., B.Sc., M.B., Ch.B., Edin., University of Toronto, Toronto. 1917—HUNTSMAN, ARCHIBALD GOWANLOCK, B.A:, M.B., Biological Department, University of Toronto, Toronto. 1912—Knicut, A. P., M.A., M.D., Queen’s University, Kingston. 1918—LeEwis, FRANCIS J., D.Sc., F.R.S.E., F.L.S., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. 1916—LLovp, Francis E., M.A., McGill University, Montreal. 1900—MacaLLUM, A. B., Ph.D., Sc.D., LL.D., F.R.S., Administrative Chairman of Research Council of Canada, Ottawa. (Ex-president). pre, 1888—Mackay, A. H., LL.D., B.Sc., Superintendent of Education, Halifax. (Life. — CAIN member). ON, Lee Fa i: à ~ SA

jist

6 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

1909—M acKEnzIE, J. J., B.A., M.B., University of Toronto, Toronto.

1909—McMurricH, J. P., M.A., Ph.D., University of Toronto, Toronto.

1915—-McPHEDRAN, ALEXANDER, M.B., University of Toronto, Toronto.

1913—MooRE, CLARENCE L., M.A., Dalhousie University, Halifax.

1908—N1cHoLLS, A. G., M.A., M.D., D.Sc., Dalhousie University, Halifax.

1902—Prince, E. E., B.A., LL.D., F.L.S., Dominion Commissioner of Fisheries, Ottawa. (Life member).

1914—-Roppick, Sir THomMAs G., Kt., M.D., C.M., McGill University, Montreal.

1917—Tuomson, ROBERT Boyp, B.A., Professor of Botany, University of Toronto, Toronto.

1909—VINCENT, SWALE, M.D., D.Sc., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg.

1915—WALKER, EDMUND MuRrTON, B.A., M.B., University of Toronto, Toronto.

1918—WEsBROOK, FRANK F., M.A., M.D., C.M., LL.D., President of the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.

1912—WILLEy, ARTHUR, D.Sc., F.R.S., McGill University, Montreal.

CORRESPONDING MEMBERS

SECTION I

SALONE, EMILE, professeur d'histoire au Lycée Condorcet, 68 rue Jouffray, Paris.

HANOTAUX, GABRIEL, de l’Académie française, 21 rue Cassette, Paris.

LAMY, ÉTIENNE, secrétaire perpétuel de l’Académie française, 3 place d’Iéna, Paris.

Lorin, HENRI, professeur d'histoire coloniale à l'Université de Bordeaux, 23, quai des - Chartrons, Bordeaux.

SECTION II

Bryce, Rt. Hon. Viscount, D.C.L., London, England.

GANONG, Dr. W. F., Northampton, Mass.

PARKER, SIR GILBERT, Bart., D:C.L., M.P., P.C., London, England. SIEBERT, WILBUR H., A.B., A.M., Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

SECTION III

Bonney, Rev. T. G., D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S., Cambridge, England. METZLER, W. H., Ph.D., F.R.S., Edin., Syracuse University, Syracuse, N.Y. THOMSON, SiR JosEePH J., O.M., F.R.S., Cambridge, England.

SECTION IV

Waite, CHARLES DAvip, B.Sc., United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.

SECTION V.

Osporn, Dr. HENRY FAIRFIELD, Columbia University, New York, N.Y.

RETIRED MEMBERS

1895—CALLENDAR, HucH L., M.A., (Cantab.,) F.R.S., London, England. 1899—CHARLAND, PERE PAUL V., Litt.D., Quebec. 1909—CozLBy, Cuas. W., M.A., McGill University, Montreal. - 1897—Cox, Joun, M.A. (Cantab.), London, England. 1891—Fow Ler, JAMES, M.A., Queen’s University, Kingston.

LIST OF FELLOWS

1904—-Gorpon, REV. CHARLES W., LL.D., Winnipeg. c—HAANEL, E., Ph.D., Director of Mines, Ottawa. 1911—LEATHES, JOHN B., B.A., F.R.C.S., B.Ch. (Oxon.), Sheffield, England. 1909—MaACBRIDE, ERNEST W., M.A., F.R.S., London, England. 1889—M arr, CHARLES, Prince Albert, Sask. c—OSsLER, Sir W., BT., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S., Oxford, England. 1902—Owens, R. B., M.Sc., Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, U.S.A. 1898—PARKIN, G. R., C.M.G., LL.D., London, England. 1900—Poo eg, H. S., M.A., F.G.S., Spreyton, Stoke, Guildford, England. C—READE, JOHN, LL.D., F.R.S.L., Montreal. 1890—RoseErts, C. G. D., M.A., London, England. 1900—RUTHERFORD, E., B.A. (Cantab.), A.M., F.R.S., Manchester, England. 1910—Tuomson, E. W., F.R.S.L., Ottawa. c—Wartson, J., M.A., LL.D., Kinzston. 1900—WILLIson, Sir JOHN S., LL.D., Toronto. 1910—Witson, HAROLD A., F.R.S., Houston, Texas. c— WRIGHT, R. Ramsay, M.A., B.Sc., Bournemouth, England. (Ex-president).

8 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

LIST OF PRESIDENTS

18982-18837, LL COST IR er Noses Sir J. W. Dawson.

1883 PSE TES MATE Meats la eee D L’HONORABLE P.-J.-O. CHAUVEAU. ISSAH1C BS Ate ee PEUR RS ER Dr. T. STERRY Hunt. 1SSSE LS SOs POM Aer eel NI bate SIR DANIEL WILSON.

TSSO-1SB Taare SARNIA RER MONSIGNOR HAMEL.

TSB TALS Poe D tele cope pe EDEN EN EE Dr. G. LAwson.

1 SSSH1SS OUR crap ue caiaeechete PER tae SIR SANDFORD FLEMING, K.C.M.G. TESTS DONNER EE nate ee cet nurs L’ABBE CASGRAIN.

1SOO= SON EMEA OA An RS VERY REV. PRINCIPAL GRANT. LSOALELSOD ET SOs Re ETATS L’ABBE LAFLAMME.

18921 BOS Ree une ices TN an crate Sir J. C. Bourtnot, K.C.M.G. TSOSASSA ANS CIN Cs DS tortie Ven Dr. G. M. Dawson, C.M.G. — T8941 OS ERA RE CRE TR ER A ets SIR J. MACPHERSON LEMOINE. TEO5 = LEO Ges OR tO AOL En Dr. A. R. C. SELWyn, C.M.G. 1S9GR189 RTS be Aye ee eee Most REV. ARCHBISHOP O’BRIEN. SOV ESI tot! ttt Sie hen eye PT ERA ER L’HONORABLE F.-G. MARCHAND.

1 ÉSLO Rott ttt 10 AREA am el at yA UR eT UGS at et T. C. KEEFER, C.M.G.

1899219 000 AL TR EN er REv. WILLIAM CLARK, D.C.L.

LO OOSTO OT a ER RENE En RP Are L. FRÉCHETTE, C.M.G., LL.D.

TO OIRO OPA RON A ee James Loupon, LL.D.

AG 02= 1008 RE PE Re ERA SIR J. A. GRANT, M.D., K.C.M.G. TO OSH EO Qa me ES ts ck intl EE RS eye Cot. G. T. DENIson, B.C.L. 19042110 OS Sok hs ee sie eee vette pe NET ee BENJAMIN SULTE, LL.D. 1TIOSHS1O OG Rane teers Merete esc nel a he Dr. ALEX. JOHNSON.

NO 0610 0 aes eas ceed olor ere Dr. Wm. SAUNDERS, C.M.G.

TO OPENS NS RAS PR SRE PR leet Gea Dr. S. E. Dawson, C.M.G.

TO OS STOO ES RNA eaten arse hel eon RES Dr. J.-EDMOND Roy.

TIOO— LOMO SEEN RARE RAT PRE EN at ee Rev. Gro. Bryce, LL.D.

TOL OPTS Tee ie oe ree INTER TS okey mene R. Ramsay WRIGHT, M.A., B.Sc. TO Py at Oh IR ee ne A ART oe W. F. Kine, LL.D., C.M.G. TOLASTOTS TARA RE RE ER W. Dawson LESUEUR, B.A., LL.D. MOS 1 SACs cia home EC ka eA ws Rene FRANK D. ADAMS, Ph.D., F.R.S., F.G.S. LOL ER PES ETC PR et Se CURE SIR ADOLPHE-B. ROUTHIER.

LOTS TOMO Oe yet Ne Bann Resa ea ALFRED BAKER, M.A., LL.D.

LOD FAA OUS Sen Re ARE W. D. LIGHTH M.A.) BiG. Leese.

THOMA TN EMA AN QE FN UE A ER M RACE A. B. MACALLUM, Ph.D., F.R.S. LOTS LOTS octet teen ANE RU Hon. Lacy MAB LY.D:

LIST OF ASSOCIATED SOCIETIES 9

LIST OF ASSOCIATED SOCIETIES

ONTARIO

Hamilton Association for the Promotion of Science, Literature and Art. The Hamilton Scientific Society.

L'Institut Canadien-Français d'Ottawa.

The Women’s Wentworth Historical Society. The Entomological Society of Ontario.

Women’s Canadian Historical Society of Ottawa. . Elgin Historical and Scientific Institute.

Women’s Auxiliary of the Elgin Historical and Scientific Instite. Ontario Historical Society.

The Huron Institute.

Niagara Historical Society.

The Ottawa Field Naturalists’ Club.

Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. Canadian Institute, Toronto.

Historical Society, Kingston.

Toronto Astronomical Society.

Lundy’s Lane Historical Society.

Women’s Canadian Historical Society of Toronto. United Empire Loyalists Association of Canada. Peterborough Historical Society.

Canadian Forestry Association.

Hamilton Ladies’ College Alumnae.

Club Littéraire Canadien-Français d'Ottawa.

The Historic Landsmarks Association of Canada. Waterloo Historical Society.

QUEBEC

. Société du Parler Français au Canada, Québec.

Société de Géographie de Québec.

Société d'Economie Sociale et Politique de Québec.

The Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants from Insects and _ Fungus Diseases.

The Antiquarian and Numismatic Society of Montreal.

L'Institut Canadien de Québec.

Natural History Society of Montreal.

Microscopical Society, Montreal.

10 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

Société Historique, Montréal. Cercle Littéraire et Musical de Montréal. Literary and Historical Society, Quebec.

BRITISH COLUMBIA The Natural History Society of British Columbia.

NovA SCOTIA

The Nova Scotia Historical Society. The Nova Scotian Institute of Science.

MANITOBA

Manitoba Historical and Scientific Society.

_NEW BRUNSWICK

New Brunswick Historical Society.

New Brunswick Loyalists’ Society. Miramichi Natural History Association. Natural History Society of New Brunswick.

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

Natural History and Antiquarian Society of Prince Edward’ Island.

THEROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

PROCEEDINGS FOR 1918. THIRTY-SEVENTH GENERAL MEETING

SESSION I.—(Tuesday, May 21).

The Royal Society of Canada held its thirty-seventh annual meeting in the Chateau Laurier on May 21, 22 and 23.

The President, Mr. W. D. Lighthall, took the chair at 10 a.m., and, having called the meeting to order, requested the Honorary Secretary to call the roll.

The following members answered to their names or arrived later during the session :—

OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY

Honorary President, Hon. Mr. Justice Longley. President, Mr. W. D. Lighthall.

Honorary Secretary, Mr. Duncan C. Scott. Honorary Treasurer, Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt. Honorary Librarian, Mr. D. B. Dowling.

SECTION I.—Barbeau, C.-M.; Chapais, Thomas: Chartier, Emile; Chouinard, H.-J.-J.-B.; David, Hon. L.-O.; Després, A.-C.; DeCelles, A.-D.; Fauteux, A.; Groulx, Lionel; Gérin, Léon; Lemieux, Hon. Rodolphe; Morin, Victor; Myrand, Ernest; Perrault, Antonio; Poirier, Pascal; Rouillard, Eugéne; Sulte, Benjamin.

SECTION II.—Bryce, George; Cappon, James; Coyne, J. H.; Doughty, A. G.; Edgar, Pelham; Falconer, Sir Robert; Grant, W. L.; King, W. L. MacKenzie; Longley, J. W.; Lighthall, W. D.; Mac- naughton, John; Mavor, James; McLachlan, R. W.; Peterson, Sir William; Raymond, Ven. Archdeacon W. O.; Riddell, W. R.; Scott, D. C., Shortt, Adam; Wood, William; Wrong, George M.

SECTION IIIJ.—Allan, F. B.; Bain, J. Watson; Burton, E. F.; Clark, A. L.; Dawson, W. Bell; Deville, E.; Ellis, W. H.; Fields, J. C.; Glashan, J. C.; Goodwin, W. L.; Harkness, James; Johnson, F. M. G.; King, L. V.; Klotz, Otto; MacKenzie, A. Stanley; McGill, Anthony; McIntosh, Douglas; Miller, W. Lash; Ruttan, R. F.; Satterly, John; Shutt, F. T.; Stansfield, Alfred; Stupart, Sir Frederic.

II | THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA :

SECTION IV.—Adams, F. D.; Bailey, L. W.; Bensley, B. A.; Buller, A. H. R.; Camsell, Charles; Coleman, A. P.; Dowling, D. B.; Dresser, John A.; Faribault, E. R.; Grant, Sir James; Harrison, F. C.; Hewitt, C. Gordon; Huard, Victor A.; Huntsman, A. G.; Lambe, L. M.; Lewis, F. J.; Lloyd, F. E.; Macallum, A. B.; MacKay, A. H.; McKenzie, J. J.; McConnell, R. G.; McInnes, William; McMurrich, J. P.; Prince, E. E.; Wesbrook, F. F.; White, James.

Letters of regret for absence were received from the following :—

Cruikshank, E A ‘Chouinard, H. JA) B.;. Archibald; Ea Gis. Mignault, P. B.; Miller, W. G.; Bégin, Cardinal H. E.; Fraser, C. McLean; Burgess, T. J. W.; Robertson, J. Ross; Bethune, C. J. S.; Gosselin, A. E.; Tory, H. M.; Gosselin, A. H.; Harris, D. Fraser; Roy, Camille; Ami, H. M.; Tyrrell, J. B.; Scott, H. A.; Bruchési, Archbishop Paul; McPhedran, Alex.

The following Fellows are reported as being on military service :— Cruikshank, E. A.; Doughty, A. G.; Edgar, Pelham; Grant, W. L.; Macphail, Sir Andrew; Scott, F. G.; Wood, William; Lang, W. R.; Eve Ao S.: Kenrick, EB: B.; Mclennan, J. C:WTor "EH: M.; Brock REA

It was moved by Dr. F. T. Shutt, seconded by Dr. J. J. Mac- Kenzie, that the minutes of the annual meeting of last year, as con- tained in the printed proceedings of last year in the hands of the Fellows, be confirmed.—Carried.

The Annual Report of Council, printed copies of which had been delivered to the Fellows, was then presented by the Honorary Sec- retary. The Report was as follows :—

REPORT Ore COU NiCr FOR THE YEAR 1917-1918. To the Fellows of The Royal Society of Canada:

The Council have the honour to present the following report © on the work of the Society during the past year:

The last Annual Meeting was held in Ottawa in the Chateau Laurier on May 22, 23 and 24. The meeting was most successful, and the accommodation which was given the Society by the manage- ment of the Chateau was, as in former years, excellent. We have been able to make like arrangements for this year’s meeting.

I.—PROCEEDINGS AND TRANSACTIONS OF THE SOCIETY.

Owing to the diminution in the Society’s income, it was found necessary to practise economy, and the officers of the Society accord-

PROCEEDINGS FOR 1918 III

ingly carried out the direction of Council in reducing the size of the annual volume to 640 pages, exclusive of the proceedings. The papers presented last year were voluminous and to meet the necessity of the case many excellent and important papers had to be sacrificed to the restricted limits of the volume. The Fellows cheerfully sub- mitted to the abnormal conditions and the volume appears the smallest issued for some years. It is believed, however, that the selection of papers has been judicious, and that the volume is worthy of the series. It will be noted that this Report of Council does not deal with as many subjects as usual. The effect of the war has been to limit the activities of the Society, as all are absorbed in the command- ing interest of the struggle in Europe.

The number of papers in the agenda this year, which is about the same as last, shows the continued interest of the Fellows in the work of the Society.

II.—ELECTION OF NEW FELLOWS.

This year there were vacancies in all the Sections. Voting was closed on the 1st of April. The Council have much pleasure in reporting that the following candidates received a majority of the votes cast, and their election is submitted for confirmation:

SECTION I.

L’abbé Azarie Couillard Després. M. Aegidius Fauteux. L’abbé Lionel Groulx, M.A.

SECTION IIT.

Walter Charles Murray, M.A., LL.D.

SECTION III.

Ebenezer Henry Archibald, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.S.E.

SECTION IV. Charles Camsell, B.A. Francis John Lewis, D.Sc., F.R.S.E. Frank Fairchild Wesbrook, M.A., M.D., C.M., LL.D.

In Section III five candidates received a majority of votes, but four received the same number of votes. As there were but four vacancies the Council can only submit for confirmation the

IV THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

election of Mr. Archibald. The Section may make a selection from those whose votes were equal to fill the other three vacancies and recommend them to the Society for election.

III.—DECEASED MEMBERS.

It is with deep regret that we record six vacancies in the ranks of the Fellows, which have occurred by death: Dr. W. D. LeSueur, Dr. W. W. Campbell, Dr. G. P. Girdwood, Dr. Robert Bell, Professor C. H. McLeod, and Rev. Father Jones.

The biographical sketches were written respectively by Dr. John Reade, Mr. W. D. Lighthall, Dr. R. F. Ruttan, Mr. Charles Camsell, Mr. Fraser Keith and Rev. Father Devine.

WILLIAM DAWSON .LESUEUR

Dr. William Dawson Le Sueur, a son of Mr. Peter LeSueur, for many years chief of the Post Office money order system of Canada,’ and subsequently Secretary of the Dominion Board of Civil Service Examiners, and of Barbara (Dawson), his wife, was born at Quebec on the 19th February, 1840. He was educated at the Montreal High School, the Ontario Law School and Toronto University. In 1856 he entered the Canadian Civil Service, during the entire period of his connection with which he was attached to the Post Office Department. Of that Department he was Secretary from 1888 until 1902 when he retired from the Service. While the conscientious assiduity and the intelligence that he brought to the discharge of his duties won the acknowledgment of his superiors, his official work was really but a fragment of the labours that engaged his ever active mind. Intellectually, he was gifted greatly above the average of mankind and so diverse and comprehensive were his endowments that one may well hesitate to say where he most excelled. His devotion to the classics of Greece and Rome may be said to date from his boyhood. He was Dux of the Montreal High School at a time when Latin and Greek were deemed more essential in education than they are to-day. When in 1863 he graduated in the University of Toronto, he took honours in Classics. One of his very latest literary achievements was a Latin metrical version of Dr. John Mason Neale’s beautiful hymn, “Art thou weary? Art thou languid?” Yet his un- ceasing cultivation of the old classics never prevented Dr. LeSueur from appreciating what he considered praiseworthy in modern litera- ture, especially in that of the motherlands with which the twofold culture of which this Society is the guardian is filially allied. His essays on Sainte Beuve and other eminent French writers which

ILLIAM DAWSON LESUEUR

7

M

PROCEEDINGS FOR 1918 V

appeared in a great English quarterly, when he was still quite a young man, drew attention to his taste and judgment. The Canadian Monthly, The Week, The Canadian Magazine, Queen's Quarterly, The Commonwealth, The University Magazine, The Montreal Gaz tie, The Montreal Star and The Ottawa Citizen, were enriched by contri- butions from his pen, either on subjects purely literary or on matters of current interest. In later years he gave much attention to the study of history, which was the subject of his thoughtful address as President of this Society.

It is noteworthy that, although Dr. LeSueur’s literary and his- torical studies covered a large range and were elaborated with char- acteristic care, they did not cause him to stint his interest in scientific progress. There have been some animated controversies in recent years between those who would retain the ancient classics on their traditional footing as a branch of education, and those who would give a virtually exclusive preference to science as more rational and more practical. But, while Dr. LeSueur was devoting so much time and thought to ancient letters, while he was gauging the great modern products of inspiration and criticism that had done so much to advance the cause of civilization, he had been all along a fruitful devotee of science. He was among the rare students of Canada who recognized at once the significance of the new science and its destined ultimate effects on religious and philosophic thought. He was for years on the staff of the Popular Science Monthly, and when a leader of the new movement was to be honoured in New York by a dinner to which the foremost scientific men of the Union were invited, Dr. LeSueur was chosen to represent Canada. His study on “The Data of Ethics” was included in the preface of a special edition of that work. Among his essays that were published separately were those entitled, “A Defence of Modern Thought,’ and ‘Evolution and the Positive Aspects of Modern Thought.”

Dr. LeSueur contributed to the ‘Makers of Canada’’ Series, a volume dealing with the most illustrious of the Governors of the Old Regime after the great explorer and founder Champlain. In dealing with the character, policies and acts of Count Frontenac, Dr. Le Sueur is original and independent and at the same time fair and unprejudiced to both his champions and his critics.

Among his other writings may be mentioned ‘‘Notes on the Study of Language,” “Partizan Politics,” and ‘The Development of Responsible Government in Canada.”

Besides The Royal Society, of which he was successively Honorary Secretary, Vice-President and President, Dr. LeSueur was a member of the Ottawa Literary and Scientific Society to which he presented

VI THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

his ‘‘Notes on the Study of Language” and other Essays, and of which he became President; of the Peace and Arbitration Society, of which he was a Vice-President; and of the Canadian Society of Authors in which he held the same position. He also attained the presidency of the Toronto University Club of Ottawa. His advice and counsel were highly valued by his colleagues of The Royal Society and he did constant labour in forwarding the purposes for which the Society was founded. Of the very many instances in which he gave signal help, the recasting of the Diploma of the Society and the choice of a new motto might be mentioned. The motto adopted by the Society was suggested by him and was essentially founded on a passage from Claudian. In every capacity in which he served his fellow-men, he was recognized as one whom it was a privilege to know not only for his commanding abilities but for qualities that appealed to the heart. His attachments were strong and he was conscientiously faithful in his friendships. For years he bore much pain with exemplary patience, rarely complaining, sometimes seeking relief in a favorite book or in the use of his pen, sometimes in intercourse with congenial minds. But notwithstanding his long illness, it was a shock as well as a cause of very real sorrow to those who knew and esteemed him when word reached them that, on the 28th of September, 1917, the summons of death had come to him.

WILLIAM WILFRED CAMPBELL

William Wilfred Campbell was born at Berlin, Ontario, in 1861. He died of pneumonia at his country residence near Ottawa on the 1st January, 1918. He was one of that small band of true poets who rose soon after Confederation and first gave idealistic voice to the Dominion. Dr. Campbell was always intensely in earnest, hated whatever he thought was trifling with the poetic art and was noted for his bardic fire and feeling. His best passages on poetic and patriotic subjects were strong and satisfying. Like all real seers his sense of beauty and of mystery sometimes carried him very near perfection. He was at his best in his great poem ‘The Mother.”

Son of an Anglican clergyman, the Reverend Thomas S. Camp- bell, related to the Argyle family, he was thoroughly Highland in his devotion to the history of his clan; but he was proud also of descent through his mother from the artist Wright, who like Hoppner was one of the four leading successors of Sir Joshua Reynolds. Educated at Toronto University , he took Anglican orders in 1885 and was Rector of St. Stephen, N.B., but resigned in 1891 for certain intellectual reasons. Soon afterwards he entered the Civil Service at Ottawa,

NirztAM WILFRED CAMPBELL

. PROCEEDINGS FOR 1918 VII

and during the Great War filled a good post under the Imperial Munitions Board. Financially he always had a hard struggle, in which he fought bravely for those dependent on him, and which constantly hampered his genius.

In 1889 he produced his first volume, “Lake Lyrics,” inspired by the scenery of the Great Lakes, which at once marked him as a skilful master of versification and possessor of a keen insight into the beau- tiful. In 1893 appeared a volume of poems entitled “The Dread Voyage.” He now became a frequent contributor to the principal American and other magazines. In 1895, he published the verse tragedies ‘‘Mordred "’ and ‘‘Hildebrand;” in 1908 “Political Tragedies ;” in 1899 another volume of poems, ‘‘Beyond the Hills of Dream;” in 1905 ‘“‘The Collected Poems;” and in 1914 ‘‘Sagas of Vaster Britain,” expressing his stirring passion for the British Empire. Some prose works and fugitive poems complete the list.

His genuineness, intense patriotism, strong, interesting personality and warm heart, endeared him greatly to his family and friends. His work was devoted to art in a high and reverent sense, the glory and history of the Empire deeply moved him, and he was a faithful clansman to all causes in which he believed. He was elected to The Royal Society of Canada in 1893; was President of the English Litera- ture Section in 1900; rendered long services as Secretary to the Section; in 1906 was a delegate of the Society to attend the quarter- centenary of Aberdeen University, where he received the degree of LL.D.; was a member of the Literary Committee appointed to attend the Quebec Tercentenary in 1908; and was long one of the best known Fellows of the Society. Both in and out of it he had a large circle of literary and personal friends, whom he entertained with an over- flowing fund of historical and literary knowledge, recollections of travel, and many original theories. His numberless contributions to the press on such subjects were read with interest by a large circle in Canada and Great Britain. Wilfred Campbell was one of those out- standing literary figures who brought credit to the Canadian people as being a nation not without ideals, and he permanently enriched our life with many an inspiring thought and line, helping to feed the fire which has blazed out so brightly in the Great War and promises to melt and remould our future.

GILBERT PROUT GIRDWOOD

Dr. G. P. Girdwood, one of the original Fellows of the Society, passed away at his residence in Montreal on the second of October, 1917.

Proc., Sig. 2

VIII THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

He was in his eighty-fifth year and although practically confined to his house for six years before his death, he was up to within a few weeks of the end intellectually active and keenly interested in the progress of science. He was quite blind for his last five years of life, but with the assistance of his devoted wife and daughter he collected evidence regarding the toxic effect of carbonic oxide in coal gas from over one hundred sources in England, United States and Canada. The result of this extensive investigation was reported to this Society : in 1916 and 1917.

Born in London in 1832, he received his early education at a private school and subsequently entered University College and St. George’s School of Medicine. He was admitted a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1854, and for a short time served as house surgeon in the Liverpool Infirmary. In the same year he was gazetted assistant surgeon of Her Majesty’s Grenadier Guards.

Dr. Girdwood accompanied the 1st battalion of the Grenadier Guards to Canada at the time of the famous Trent affair in 1862, and on its return to England in 1864 retired from the army and entered upon the practice of medicine in Montreal. In 1865 he took the degree of M.D., C.M., at McGill University. He was for some years surgeon of the Third Victoria Rifles, and served with that regiment at the front during the Fenian Raids, later receiving the medal. Not long after he was promoted to be a medical staff officer of the Militia of Canada. ;

For twelve years he was surgeon to the Montreal Dispensary and to the Montreal General Hospital, and following this service was appointed consulting surgeon to both institutions. He also became consulting surgeon to the Children’s Memorial Hospital and Con- sultant in the X-ray Department of the Royal Victoria Hospital.

He was appointed surgeon to the Canadian Pacific Railroad during its construction and had charge of the Eastern Division. He afterwards became Chief Medical Officer of that railroad.

Dr. Girdwood was a former president of the Roentgen Society of America; vice-president of the Canadian Branch of the Society of Chemical Industry; a Fellow of the Chemical Society and also of the Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain.

He was a member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Provinces of Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. He also was an active member of both the British and the American Associations for the Advancement of Science, of the Montreal Natural History Society, and of the Montreal Microscopical Society; of the last he was elected President in 1892.

GILBERT Prout GiRDWoopD

PROCEEDINGS FOR 1918 IX

The late Dr. Girdwood was an interesting and conspicuous figure among the scientific men of Canada, especially during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. He was a type which our modern methods of education will not reproduce, the type of the all round scientist, cultured, enthusiastic and interested in many fields of science.

Breadth of scientific knowledge and versatility of accomplish- ments were his outstanding characteristics as a scientific man. He was very much more than dilettante in almost every field of natural and experimental science. He had a sound knowledge of medicine, surgery, medical jurisprudence, botany, physics, hygiene, micro- scopical technique, including photomicrography, besides being funda- mentally a chemist. These varied accomplishments were all the more astonishing when we remember that he began life as an assistant surgeon in a fashionable British regiment, namely, the Grenadier Guards, where he was conspicuous as an athlete and a genial com- panion.

Before entering the army medical service, and while still a young man, he studied chemistry in London and Liverpool. With Mr. Rodgers, a London chemist, he devised the method which is known as the Rodgers and Girdwood method for the detection of strychnine, by which it is possible to detect less than one hundredth thousandth part of a grain of this poison.

During his career as a scientific man, and while engaged in general practice, he was connected with many important legal cases, where his knowledge of medical jurisprudence was of great value to the country. He was not only a good toxicologist, but was the first to use enlarged photographs and the application of reagents for the detection of forgeries, counterfeits, and the identification of hand- writing. In this field he was one of the best experts in America.

He was associated with the late Dr. Sterry Hunt in many of his chemical studies, among which was the production of Hunt’s Chronium Oxide Green, which is still used as an ink in the printing of bank notes. In the field of microscopy he was an expert in the identifica- tion of starch granules and was a pioneer in the stereoscopic photog- raphy of crystals under the microscope and also in the application of the stereograph to the study of the photographs produced by the Roentgen rays. He was the first to demonstrate that the position of a foreign object in relation to a bone could be shown perfectly by the application of stereoscopic principles in taking Roentgen ray photographs.

' In his busy life he found time to contribute many valuable scientific articles to the London Lancet, the Montreal Medical Journal, the

X THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

Transactions of The Royal Society of Canada, and various chemical journals.

He was actively engaged in medical education from the time of his resignation from the Guards and was an interesting teacher both of clinical surgery in the hospital and of chemistry in the university. His name will always be associated with the development of chemical teaching in McGill University. The introduction of practical chemis- try as an integral part of a medical student’s education in Canada was first carried out by Dr. Girdwood in some classes which he gave to the medical students of McGill University about 1870. The classes were held in his own home in Lagauchetiere Street. In 1872 he became Professor of Practical Chemistry and for ten years he gave all of the instruction in Practical Chemistry in McGill University. He sub- sequently succeeded Dr. Craik to the Chair of Chemistry in the Medical Faculty in 1879, which chair he held up to 1902, when his failing health and the pressure of work from his other activities compelled his resignation. He retained his connection with uni- versity education as Emeritus Professor of Chemistry up to the last.

He was widely known both in Canada and the United States. He was a man of high ideals, who took pride in his profession as a chemist, and one of his great ambitions during his last illness Was to obtain legislation to give the profession of chemistry the same legal status as the professions of law and medicine.

His genial, kindly and humorous character won him a host of personal friends in all walks of life. He enjoyed apparently above all else the pleasure of adding, as he had opportunity, to the happiness of those about him.

ROBERT BELL.

Robert Bell; LS-O.; FRS! MD: CM, DSc: \(Cantaby eae F.G.S., F.G.S.A., who was formerly Assistant Director and Chief Geologist of the Geological Survey of Canada and for several years acted as Director of the Survey, was one of the charter members of The Royal Society of Canada. He was born in Toronto on the 3rd of June, 1841, and was thus in his 77th year when he died at Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, on June 19, 1917.

Both his grandfather, Rev. Wm. Bell, and his father, Rev. Andrew Bell, were ministers of the Church of Scotland. His father was one of the pioneers of Canadian geology, and when Sir William Logan was called by the government of the United Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada to establish a Geological Survey, one of the first Canadians with whom he conferred on this subject was Dr. Bell’s father, Rev.

ROBERT BELL

RACE QUE

PAU rt aT ee

mC ey

PROCEEDINGS FOR 1918 XI

Andrew Bell. Dr. Bell therefore came justly by his predilection for geological and natural history studies.

Dr. Bell obtained his early education at the grammar school of the county of Prescott and afterwards studied at McGill University, under the distinguished scientists Dr. T. Sterry Hunt and Dr. Suther- land, receiving his degree in Applied Science in 1861 and the Governor’s gold medal. He afterwards pursued his studies in Edinburgh, taking chemistry under Lords Playfair and Lister and Professors Dittmar and Crum Brown, and botany under Professor J. H. Balfour. At the age of 21 years he became professor of Chemistry and Natural Science at Queen’s University, a chair which he held for five years from 1863 to 1867.

Previous to accepting the professorship at Queen’s, Dr. Bell in 1857, at the early age of 16 years, had joined the staff of the Geo- logical Survey of Canada under Sir W. E. Logan, and for over 50 years he was connected with that branch of the Government service. He had the privilege in his early history on the Survey under Logan of being associated with Murray, Hunt, Billings and Richardson, all men of high ideals and attainments with whom it was an inspiration to work and from whom he imbibed an enthusiasm for geological exploration and research which he retained throughout his life.

During his 50 years of active connection with the Geological Survey, Dr. Bell accomplished an enormous amount of geological work, but he was pre-eminent as an explorer, and it is in that branch of work that his name will be remembered by succeeding generations. He had practical training as a surveyor at McGill University, and to further equip himself to meet emergencies that might arise in the course of his exploratory journeys he completed a course in medicine and surgery at the same University in 1878. His geographical and geological surveys covered a great part of northern Quebec and Ontario and the region about Hudson Bay, as well as northern Mani- toba, Alberta and the North West Territories, and he traversed at one time or other most of the larger streams and lakes of these regions, many of them being surveyed by him for the first time. The Bell river, the western branch of the Nottaway river, is officially named after him.

His reports contain a fund of information on the geological and physical features of that northern country which was of great value to the government and the locating engineers at the time that the building of the National Transcontinental railway was under dis- cussion, and is appreciated at the present time as different portions of that region become opened up.

XII THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

He was attached to several expeditions into Hudson Bay, and was able through his knowledge of conditions in Hudson straits to furnish the government with a great deal of valuable information when the question arose of a railway to Hudson Bay and the naviga- tion of the straits. He was medical officer and geologist to the ‘“‘Neptune”’ expedition in 1884 and the ‘‘Alert’’ expedition of 1885. Again when on the “Diana” expedition in 1897, he surveyed the south shore of Baffinland and penetrated that island to the great lakes of its interior.

During his numerous explorations he naturally came in contact with many tribes of Indians and was deeply interested in their cus- toms, folk lore and archeology. This was one of his chief recreations, - and his collection of native legends numbers several hundreds. He thoroughly understood the mind of the Indians, and by his intelligent treatment of them was able to gain their confidence so that at Grand Lake, Quebec, he was made an honorary chief of the Algonquin Indians of that district.

Dr. Bell was deeply interested in forestry, and during his long journeys had an excellent opportunity to study the geographical distribution of Canadian forest trees. As early as 1873, he prepared a large map showing the northern limits of the principal trees in the four original provinces of the Dominion. Later he published a map to accompany the report of the Geological Survey for 1879-80 which showed the northern range of the trees east of the Rocky Mountains. This was supplemented in 1897 by another map, giving much addi- tional information compiled from observations of his own and data furnished by his colleagues and other travellers.

In recognition of his contributions to our knowledge of the geog- raphy of Canada Dr. Bell was awarded the King’s or “‘Patron’s Gold Medal” of the Royal Geographical Society in 1906. In the same year he was the recipient of the “Cullum Gold Medal” from the American Geographical Society and was the first Canadian to receive that honour. He was the Canadian correspondent to the “Royal Scottish Geographical Society” and to “la Société de Géographie” of France.

Besides the degrees received in course at McGill University, B:A:Sc., 1861: M-D., C.M., 1878: DSc, 1901: Dr Belliwastne recipient of many honorary degrees from other universities. Queen's University bestowed on him her LL.D. degree in 1883, and Cambridge University honoured him with the degree of D.Sc. in 1903.

The scientific societies with which he was associated included the Chemical Society, 1865; American Institute of Mining Engineers, 1881; Royal Society of Canada, 1882; Geological Society of America,

PROCEEDINGS FOR 1918 XIII

1889; Royal Society, London, 1897; Geological Society, London; American Association for the Advancement of Science, Royal Astron-. omical Society, Canadian and American Forestry Associations, and the Canadian Mining Institute. He was also one of the Royal Commissioners appointed in 1888 to enquire into the Mineral Resources of the province of Ontario, a delegate representing the Canadian Government and the Royal Society of Canada at the International Geological Congress at Vienna in 1903, president of the International Congress of Americanists in 1906, president of Section IV of the Royal Society in 1893 and of the Ottawa Field Naturalists’ Club 1900 to 1902.

The bibliography of Dr. Bell’s writings includes over 200 reports and pamphlets, most of which are contained in the volumes of the Geological Survey, while some appear in other scientific publications. These deal mainly with the results of his explorations and cover geology, geography, forestry, biology and folk-lore. His first report addressed to Sir W. E. Logan was published in 1857 in the Report of Progress of the Geological Survey for that year and dealt with the Fauna of the Lower.St. Lawrence, the Saguenay and Lake St. John. His last report was published 50 years later in the Summary Report of the Geological Survey for 1906 and referred to the important mining district of Cobalt, Ontario.

In 1877 Dr. Bell was appointed Assistant Director of the Geologi- cal and Natural History Survey of Canada and when a separate department was created out of the Geological Survey in 1890 under the Minister of the Interior, he retained the title of Assistant Director, but to this was added the title of Chief Geologist. In January, 1901, Dr. Bell took over the administration of the department and directed the operations of the staff until April, 1906. He was superannuated in December, 1908, after almost 52 years of devotion to the interests of his country. His long service rewarded in 1903 by companion- ship in the Imperial Service -Order, a distinction instituted by King Edward VII to more fully recognize the faithful and meritorious ser- vices rendered by the Civil Services of the Empire.

Dr. Bell’s later years were spent partly at his home in Ottawa and partly on his farm in Manitoba, where he died in June, 1917.

In his religious views he was very broad-minded, and though a Presbyterian by birth and persuasion he took a keen interest in the missionary activities among the northern Indians of other denomina- tions, and the Church of England missions on Hudson Bay are in- debted to him for material assistance in carrying on their work.

The numerous honours conferred on Dr. Bell during his lifetime are an index of his ability as a scholar, while his long list of accomplish-

XIV THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

ments both in the field and the study give evidence of his great in- -dustry. This was one of his outstanding characteristics, and he found his recreation in studies which to others would have been considered a labour. The performance of his duties as an explorer involved numerous risks and much hardship from fatigue, cold and hunger, yet his perseverance, patience and courage were always sufficient to carry him through to success in all his explorations. G

He was a man of strong personality and he held decided opinions on all subjects. At the same time his kindly disposition caused him to be considerate of the opinions of others. In his own home he made a charming host and his hospitality was of the open-handed kind which left nothing to be desired. He was a staunch friend and was always at the service of those to whom his friendship was given.

CLEMENT HENRY McLEOD.

es

Professor Clement Henry McLeod, M. Can. Soc. C.E., Ma.E., F.R.S.C., F.R.A.I., occupied a unique position in engineering, scien- tific and educational circles in Canada, his work covering a range of ' activity, the required mental and physical capacity for which is rarely found. In his death, which occurred at his desk in the Engin- eering Building of McGill University, McGill lost one of its able and energetic professors, the public a scientist, and the engineering pro- fession a devoted leader, who gave freely of his time and services in its interests. As Vice-Dean of the Faculty of Applied Science he occupied a high professorial position. As superintendent of McGill Observatory, he was the official time-keeper for Canada. In the engineering world no man was better known. For twenty-five years as secretary and member of Council of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers, he was the one who more than any other, was responsible for the development of that organization. A bronze tablet has been erected to his memory in the hall of the Society’s headquarters.

The late Professor McLeod was born at Strathlorn, Cape Breton, N.S., descended from sturdy Scotch Presbyterian stock, and was educated at high school and McGill University, from which he grad- uated in 1873. Following his graduation he went to Newfoundland in connection with railway work, which he followed up in various parts of the Maritime Provinces. In 1888 he joined the staff of McGill University as Professor of Geodesy and Surveying, becoming Vice- Dean of the Faculty of Applied Science in 1908. During his long services as professor he was connected with various University soci- eties and took a prominent part in athletic affairs. He was the author of a standard text book on descriptive geometry. His was the

CLEMENT HENRY McLEop

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PROCEEDINGS FOR 1918 XV

distinction of being the only Fellow in Canada of the Royal Astron- omical Institute.

ARTHUR EDWARD JONES.

The Rev. Arthur Edward Jones, S.J., came from United Empire Loyalist stock and was born in Brockville, Ont., November 17th, 1838. After a brilliant course of classics at St. Mary’s College, Montreal, he entered the Jesuit Order in France in 1857, studied philosophy and theology both in Europe and America and was ordained in 1873... During a number of years he taught classics and mathe- matics in Fordham University and in Montreal.

In 1882, when the care of the Archives of St. Mary’s College, Montreal, was given to him, this mass of precious documents, dating from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, many of them un- published, were awaiting some one to identify and classify them. So thoroughly did he master them that he became a recognised authority on the Canadian Missions between 1611 and 1800.

When there was question of bringing out the Cleveland edition of the Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, Father Jones was one of the first consulted and his co-operation sought. Dr. Reuben Gold Thwaites, the editor, wrote in his General Preface, “The archivist of St. Mary’s College, Montreal, opened his heart to the enterprise and has not only given us carie blanche to ransack his priceless treas- ures, but has contributed invaluable suggestions and data almost without number.”

The period which always possessed the greatest interest for Father Jones extended from 1626 to 1650, the heroic age of the Huron missions on Georgian, Bay. The sites of the ancient Huron villages, the arrival and departures of the Fathers, their names, their labors, the civilizing effect of their ministry on the savages, were all details that he worked out with great patience and constancy, The result, after fifteen years’ labor, was “Sendake Ehen, or Old Huronia, ” a learned volume of five hundred pages, which was published later by the Ontario Bureau of Archives. It tells the reader all that will ever » be known on the work of the Jesuits among the Hurons.

The publication of a collection of letters, discovered in the Vendée, in France, in 1889, relating to the massacre by the Sioux of La Veren- drye’s expedition in the Lake of the Woods in 1736, aroused interest in that ill-fated expedition and resulted in the discovery, in 1908, of the site of Fort St. Charles (built in 1742), with the remains of the victims.

XVI THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

Father Jones published various pamphlets of historic interest. In recent years a great part of his time was taken up in answering appeals for historic information from all over the continent. Besides his membership in the Royal Society of Canada, he was Member of the International Congress of Americanists and addressed that learned body at Quebec, in 1906, on Huron topography. He was also Cor- responding Member of various historical societies of America.

During his sixty years in the Jesuit Order, this delver into the by-paths of Canadian history was remarkable for the simplicity of his life, his courtesy, and his kindly feeling towards all men.

IV. THE HONORARY ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH

The Honorary Advisory Council for Scientific and Industrial Research reports a year of activity in organization to meet the re- quirements for the promotion of research in Canada, and in the formu- lation of measures to assist in the development of the industries and the utilization of our natural resources along expert lines.

Associate Committees on Chemistry and on Mining and Metall- urgy, consisting of specialists in these lines from all over Canada, have been appointed, and an Advisory Committee for British Columbia has been created to assist the Council in dealing with industrial problems affecting that province. A considerable number of Special Committees, composed of experts not members of the Council, have been constituted to report to the Council on industrial questions.

The Council has had under consideration the question of the method and organization which will best promote research in Canada, especially on problems concerned in the development of the industries of the country, and, as a result, it recommends the foundation at Ottawa of a National Research Institute, associated with laboratories which can be placed at the disposal, under conditions, of industries in particular lines, for research on their own problems. The Research Institute would have the functions of the Washington Bureau of Standards or of the National Physical Laboratory of Great Britain.

An effort has been made to ascertain the man-power and equip- ment for research in Canada, by the issue of questionnaires to the industries, to the technical societies and the heads of the Laboratories of the Government Departments and of the Universities. A great majority of these have been returned and the information they furnish has been, in great part, now summarized. The situation thus far revealed indicates that radical measures involving the direct en- couragement of scientific research in pure and in applied science must be undertaken.

ARTHUR EDWARD JONES

PROCEEDINGS FOR 1918 XVII

To increase the number of those who are training for a career in Scientific research, twenty studentships of $700 each and five fellow- ships of $1,000 have been instituted. Owing to the depletion of the student ranks in the Universities and Technical Colleges, primarily through voluntary enlistment for the last three years, but also through the operations of the Military Service Act, there has been a very great decrease in the number of graduates qualified for these studentships and fellowships, and, in consequence, only seven of these were awarded, the holders of which are now engaged in research, three in McGill University, two in the University of Saskatchewan, and one each in the Universities of Toronto and Alberta.

Assistance in the form of grants has been given to a number of researches on problems which are of possible industrial importance, among which are the following:

The improvement of signalling in fog,

The electrical condensation of tar and other constituents in the vapours from the destructive distillation of coal, wood and oils,

The improvement of the flotation methods in the separation of Canadian ores,

The utilization of the waste straw to provide gas for heating and lighting on the farms of the Prairie Provinces,

The production of a variety of wheat that will resist the rust which now causes annually enormous losses in the wheat crop of those three Provinces,

The utilization of the sulphite liquor of the pulp mills to produce industrial alcohol, and

The reduction of low grade iron ores.

Amongst the questions of special interest dealt with by the Council were Forestry Studies and the Carbonizing-Briquetting of the Lignites of Saskatchewan. A grant was given through the Council to the Forestry Branch of the Department of the Interior to inaugurate investigations on the growth and rate of reproduction of our more valuable species of forest trees, to be carried out on the Petawawa Military Reserve. The preliminary steps in these investigations were taken last summer and the work will be carried on during the coming season. It is expected that the results of these investigations will lead to systematic work for the preservation of our forest wealth.

The briquetting of the Lignites of Saskatchewan for domestic fuel has been carried out on a super-laboratory scale, under the auspices of the Saskatchewan Government, and the Council proposed that it

XVIII THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

be attempted on a commercial basis to demonstrate that it is possible to prepare from this fuel an equivalent substitute for anthracite, of which annually half a million tons have been imported from Pennsylvania into Manitoba and Saskatchewan. It was recom- mended that the Government undertake this demonstration, erecting and operating a plant equipped to turn out 30,000 tons of briquettes a year. This proposal has been accepted by the Government, and the Governments of Manitoba and Saskatchewan are co-operating with the Dominion in this matter. It is expected that within a year the plant will be in operation and that the result will encourage further efforts with the object of utilizing the vast deposits of lignites in the west as domestic fuel.

V.—Sir JOHN Murray MEMORIAL LECTURE.

On the 14th February, 1918, Mr. C. A. E. Blanchet, Barrister, Ottawa, advised the Honorary Secretary that he had received the sum of $250.00 asa gift to The Royal Society from a Scottish scientific man, a friend of the late Sir John Murray, one of our late Honorary Presidents, who was accidentally killed in a motor accident in Scotland in 1914. The gift is an anonymous one, and is to be devoted to the following purpose, namely :—

The delivery at a session of The Royal Society of Canada of a “Sir John Murray Memorial Lecture’’ on Marine Scientific Research or on Life in the Sea, with Special Reference to Fishery Researches, the donor to nominate the lecturer. One of our Fellows, Professor E. E. Prince, LL.D., was chosen to deliver such an address.

At a meeting of Council held on February 15th, it was unanim- ously decided to accept the generous offer on the conditions stipulated. Professor Prince was at once communicated with, and, after con- sideration, it was decided that the delivery of the lecture should be postponed until next year, and that it should constitute the popular lecture on that occasion.

VI.—REPORT OF HONORARY LIBRARIAN.

The Honorary Librarian begs to report that the binding of the publications of the associated Royal Societies was completed on August 1st, 1917. Four hundred volumes were contracted for and finished in buckram.

The following list of volumes of Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Societies shows the selection made by the special committee: London, 95 volumes; Edinburgh, 46 volumes; Glasgow, 30 volumes;

PROCEEDINGS FOR 1918 XIX

Dublin, 30 volumes; South Australia, 23 volumes; Queensland, 11 volumes; Victoria, 30 volumes; Tasmania, 10 volumes; New South Wales, 29 volumes; and South Africa, 2 volumes.

Ninety-four volumes of publications of the Carnegie Institute were added to fill the contract.

To the authors’ sets have been added volumes received from L. J. Burpee, J. Mavor, R. W. McLachlan, R. W. Riddell, D. C. Scott and J. H. Coyne.

A contribution has also been received from the estate of the late Dr. W. D. LeSueur, consisting of about 80 volumes of Revue des Deux Mondes.

A box of publications has also been received from the Massachu- setts Historical Society. These and a number of later contributions have been stored in the Library pending the absence since December of the Librarian, whose services have been acquired by the Office of the Food Controller.

VII.—The following is the financial statement of the Honorary Treasurer for the year ending April 30th, 1918. The statement in- cludes the Government Grant Account and the General Account and it has been audited by two members of the Society:—Dr. Adam Shortt and Dr. J. C. Glashan—who were appointed for that purpose:

FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA FOR THE YEAR ENDING 30TH APRIL, 1918

GOVERNMENT GRANT ACCOUNT

RECEIPTS

By -Balance in Bank of Montreal, May 1st; 1917...:........:::......: $ 3,874.62 “Grantairom) Dominion Govermentaccm. ee cee NC CCI 4,000.00 * Danks Interest OM ACCOUNT ns Me LUE 114.40 $ 7,989 .02

EXPENDITURE To. Printing and Publication of Transachons 2, LE + he's swe 6 tee «= $ 4,005 .49 “ Maintenance of Library and, Librarian’s salary... <0... 0.0 1.2.0 441.81 RAC ELIA AGSISLATICE wel s NAT LOE aA NS ee tie eee SS 365.00 PRINS TEGAN ON NS cc, date: she ere Meee ann cache hci eer en ees tal Re os 66.00 pe NÉceaneonsIexpeNdiEurES 2 PER RE ER ed er. ie 10.92 “Balance in’ Bank ‘of Montreal, April’30) 1918; LAC Mn. 3,159.80 $ 8,049.02 Bess outstanding, chequesace crs nijok gta nie sis ee Biba} ook ee dec 60.00

XX THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA GENERAL ACCOUNT

RECEIPTS

By Balance in Merchants Bank of Canada, May 1, 1917.............. $ 1,764.47 Annual and site: SubSCHIptionS. Safes R NME ERNST 755.00 enSalevotilransaCtionsS..%,. 0 CREME En aie Dene ET MEN 15235 “ Interest on Investments: Standard Trusts Co................ day 206.65 Lampmian Morgtage (222s ocr tei eee 149.50 “ Donation for Sir John Murray Memorial Lecture................. 250.00 foBanicelnterest On ACCOUNT EMEA Mieke ANS sthe che aiereioieote eer nere rete ane 41.52 $ 3,180.49

EXPENDITURES TocRailway Fares of Members ne ii. on atte thet ern skate cis-ore aleve everett $ 595.20 “Jhxpenses of Annttal IMieetinig (aac) tes. cata oder mine Eee. AU re 64.75 “ Purchase of Canadian War Bond (Victory, Loan)... oe). Jeena eae 495 .54 € Miscellaneous Expenditures AE SEA oie teva ates SES 29.00 “ Balance in Merchants Bank of Canada, April 30, 1918............. 1,996.00 $ 3,180.49,

Audited and found correct:

ADAM SHORTT \ Auditors J. C. GLASHAN C. GORDON HEWITT, Ottawa, May 16, 1918. Honorary-Treasurer.

When the Honorary Secretary had finished reading the Report, it was moved by Dr. J. H. Coyne, seconded by Dr. A. H. MacKay, that the Report of Council be received and that the question of adoption be voted on tomorrow.—Carried.

Hon. Mr. Justice Riddell, who was elected in 1917, but who was not present at the meeting of that year, was then presented by Dr. Coyne and Colonel Wood.

On Tuesday afternoon, by invitation of Mr. John A. Pearson, Architect, the Fellows of the Society and delegates visited the new Parliament Building in the course of construction. |

THE PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS, TUESDAY EVENING.

The Presidential Address was delivered on Tuesday evening in the Concert Hall of the Chateau Laurier. The chair was occupied by the Honorary President, Hon. Mr. Justice Longley. The Presi- dent’s subject was “Canadian Poets of the Great War.” The address will be found printed in full as Appendix A.

SESSION II.—(Wednesday Forenoon, May 22).

The President took the chair at 11.30 a.m.

It was moved by Hon. Mr. Justice Riddell, seconded by Dr. A. P. Coleman, that the Report of Council be adopted.—Carried.

PROCEEDINGS FOR 1918 XXI

It was moved by Hon. L. O. David, seconded by Dr. Victor . Morin, that the election of L'abbé Azarie Couillard Després, M. Aegidius Fauteux and L’abbé Lionel Groulx, as Fellows of Section I, be confirmed.—Carried.

It was moved by Dr. P. H. Bryce, seconded by Ven. Archdeacon Raymond, that the election of Dr. Walter Charles Murray as a Fellow of Section II, be confirmed.—Carried.

It was moved by Dr. A. Stanley MacKenzie, seconded by Dr. F. T. Shutt, that the election of Dr. Ebenezer Henry Archibald, as a Fellow of Section III be confirmed.—Carried.

It was moved by Dr. J. J. MacKenzie, seconded by Dr. J. P. McMurrich, that the election of Mr. Charles Camsell, Dr. Francis John Lewis and Dr. Frank Fairchild Wesbrook, as Fellows of Section IV, be confirmed.—Carried.

The following new Fellows who were present were then introduced: —L’abbé Després, M. Fauteux, Dr. Murray, Mr. Camsell, Dr. Lewis and Dr. Wesbrook.

The following proposed amendments to the By-laws were then taken into consideration :—

(1.) By THE Honorary TREASURER

That the first paragraph of Section 8 be amended by striking out all the words after “‘pay”’ as follows :— ‘an annual subscription of $5.00 or the sum of $50.00 in one payment in commutation of the same for life membership.” and substituting therefor the following :— “a fee of $10.00 upon election and an annual subscription of $10.00.”

CNE A. Po Goreman; PHD:;,F'RS.C.

That Section 4 of the By-laws be amended by striking out all the words in Sub-section 4 and substituting the following :— “Biological and Geological Sciences including Mineralogy.”’ That Section 6 of the By-laws be amended as follows:—On the fifth line thereof by striking out after Section IV the word “fifty” and substituting the words “fifty-three, (three of the Fellows to be Mineralogists.)”’

(3.) By THE HONORARY SECRETARY, pursuant to a decision of Council.

That By-law 4 be amended as follows :— “Sub-section 3 after the word ‘Sciences,’ add the words ‘including Mineralogy.’ ”

XXII THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

That By-law 6 be amended as follows :— “on the fifth line thereof after Section III, substitute the . word ‘forty-three’ for the word ‘forty.’ ”

(4.) By J. PLAYFAIR MCMURRICH, MA. Pu.D.

That Section 4 be amended as follows :—

1. By striking out the word ‘four’ and substituting the word “five” in the first line.

2. By striking out the words “Geological and” in sub- section 4.

3. By adding sub-section 5, as follows :—

“5. Geological Sciences.” (This has the effect of dividing Section 4 into two Sections.)

That Section 6 be amended as follows:—In the fifth line thereof substitute for the word ‘“‘fifty’’ after Section IV, “thirty- three’ and add thereto “Section V, seventeen.”

(By agreement of Section IV, thirty-three of the Fellowships are allotted to Biology and seventeen to Geology.)

It was moved by the Honorary Treasurer, seconded by the Honorary Secretary, that amendment No. 1 be adopted.—Carried.

The first paragraph of By-law No. 8 will, therefore, read as follows :-—

Members shall sign the regulations of the Society, shall be pre- sented by the president to the Society at a general meeting, shall attend its stated meetings or send reasons of absence to the honorary secretary, and shall pay a fee of $10.00 upon election and an annual subscription of $10.00.

Amendments Nos. 2, 3, and 4 were considered together, and, after a full discussion, it was moved by Dr. McMurrich, seconded by Dr. Coleman, that Section 4 and the second paragraph of Section 6 of the By-laws be amended to read as follows:—Carried.

4. Division into Sections.

The society shall consist of the five following sections:

1. French Literature, History, Archeology, Sociology, Political Economy and allied subjects. 4

2. English Literature, History, Archeology, Sociology, Political Economy and allied subjects.

3. Mathematical, Chemical and Physical Sciences.

4. Geological Sciences (including Mineralogy).

5. Biological Sciences.

PROCEEDINGS FOR 1918 XXIII

6. Members.

The number of Fellows in each section shall be limited, as follows: Section I. forty; Section II. forty; Section III. forty; Section IV. twenty-five; Section V. forty.

SESSION III.—(Wednesday afternoon, May 22).

The reports of the following Associated Societies were read or presented :—

1.—The Historic Landmarks Association. By Mrs. J. B. Simpson, Delegate.

2.—The Women’s Canadian Historical Society of Toronto.

3.—The Ottawa Field-Naturalists’ Club. By Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt, F.R.S.C., President and Delegate.

4.—The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. By Mr. R. M. Motherwell, Delegate.

5.—Niagara Historical Society. By Miss Carnochan, Delegate. 6.—Women’s Canadian Historical Society of Ottawa.

7.—L’Institut Canadien-Frangais d’Ottawa. By M. Jules Tremblay, Delegate.

8.—The Hamilton Association for the Advancement of Liter- ature, Science and Art.

9.—The Huron Institute.

10.—Ontario Historical Society of Toronto.

11.—Elgin Historical and Scientific Institute. - 12.—L Institut Canadien de Québec.

13.—The Literary and Historical Society of Quebec. By Dr. J. M. Harper, Delegate.

14.—La Société Historique de Montréal. 15.—Natural History Society of Montreal. 16.—La Société d’Archéologie et de Numismatique de Montréal.

17.—The Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants. By Prof. W. Lochhead, Delegate.

18—The New Brunswick Historical Society.. By Dr. W. O. Raymond, F.R.S.C., Delegate.

19—The Nova Scotian Institute of Science. By Dr. A. H- MacKay, F.R.S.C., Delegate.

Proc., Sig. 3

XXIV THE ROYAL SOCIEIN OF CANADA

It was moved by Dr. Shortt, seconded by Dr. Sulte, that The Royal Society of Canada having viewed the new Parliament Building, now in the course of construction, desire to congratulate the Govern- ment of Canada and the architects on the design and arrangement of the building; and the Society venture to respectfully suggest to the Government that the scheme for the decoration of the interior of the building should now be most carefully considered; that an important feature of the permanent decoration should be a series of mural paintings by Canadian artists, and that the chief events in the history of the Dominion should be commemorated upon the walls and within the corridors in the way best designed to present to the observer an inspiring view of our past history; that the scheme when formulated should be begun without delay and accomplished gradually; that The Royal Society of Canada respectfully offer the Government their aid and co-operation by representation on an advisory committee, or in any way whereby they may be of service in the accomplishment of the project; that the committee to present the resolution to the Govern- ment be named by the Council.—Carried.

It was moved by Dr. Shortt, seconded by Mr. Lemieux, that the committee appointed to present the foregoing resolution should also call the attention of the Government to the necessity of insuring the safety of the Library of Parliament, which is exposed to danger in the present library building. Carried.

THE PoPuLAR LECTURE

The popular lecture was delivered on Wednesday evening in the concert hall of the Chateau Laurier by Professor Dayton C. Miller, D.Sc., of the Case School of Applied Science, Cleveland, Ohio. Pro- fessor Miller’s subject was “The Science of Musical Sounds.” The lecture was very successful. The nature of the subject and the international reputation of the lecturer as a foremost authority on acoustics drew a larger audience than usual. The lecture was fully illustrated by lantern slides and mechanical devices, and the lecturer held his audience interested from the opening to the close.

SESSION III.—(Thursday afternoon, May 23).

It was moved by Dr. Ellis, seconded by Dr. Shutt, that The Royal Society of Canada recommend to the Federal Government the establishment of one or more Fellowships in Chemistry to be known as the “Sir William Ramsay Memorial Fellowships,’ and urge upon the Government the advisability of making a substantial grant towards the establishment of these Fellowships, to enable chemists trained in Canadian Universities to continue their studies in the Universities of Great Britain.—Carried.

PROCEEDINGS FOR 1918 XXV

REPORTS OF THE SECTIONS SECTION I.

PROCES-VERBAL DE LA SECTION I.

Aux quatre séances du 21, 22 et 23 mai, étaient présents: Hon. L.-O. David, M. Eugéne Rouillard, Hon. Thomas Chapais, Hon. Rodolphe Lemieux, M. H.-J.-J.-B. Chouinard, Messieurs les abbés Emile Chartier, Lionel Groulx, Azarie Couillard-Després, M. Aegé- dius Fauteux, M. Ernest Myrand, M. Victor Morin, M. Léon Gérin, M. A.-D. DeCelles, M. Antonio Perrault, M. Pascal Poirier, M. Benjamin Sulte, M. C.-M. Barbeau. Les membres suivants se sont excusés de leur absence: S. G. Mgr. Paul Bruchési, Mer. A.-E. Gosselin, M. P.-B. Mignault, Mgr. L.-A. Paquet, M. l’abbé Camille Roy, M. P.-G. Roy.

M. Sulte et M. Morin furent choisis comme représentants de la Section pour la mise en nomination des dignitaires généraux de la Société.

= Les membres de la Section I étaient d’opinion qu'il était dési- rable de ne pas amender la constitution de la Société de manière à subdiviser la Section IV en deux sections.

Résolu “de rappeler à M. Hector Garneau que par son absence et son silence prolongés il ne se conforme pas aux désirs de la Société et s’expose à voir son nom rayé de la liste des membres.

On élut, pour l’exercice prochain, les dignitaires de la Section I:

M. Eugéne Rouillard, président;

M. Victor Morin, vice-président;

M. C.-Marius Barbeau, secrétaire;

Comité de lecture: IM. B. Sulte, M. Léon Gérin, M. Aegidius Fauteux.

Représentants au Comité de publication: M. B. Sulte, M. C.-M. Barbeau. |

Résolu de demander au Comité général l'autorisation d’élire trois membres nouveaux y compris les vacances accidentelles sur- venues depuis. |

La Section I accepte de donner son appui à la Société de folklore américain à l’occasion d’une requête adressée au Gouvernement de Québec aux fins d'obtenir une assistance efficace pour l'étude des traditions orales au Canada. La première séance annuelle de la Section de Québec a lieu le 22 mai après-midi, sous les auspices de la Section I.

XXVI THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

On discute la possibilité de former une nouvelle Section des scien- ces de langue française; la considération immédiate de ce projet est

A

remis à plus tard. Les travaux suivants sont lus et remis au Comité de lecture: “Louis Hébert,” par M. Jules Tremblay;

“Critique de l'Histoire de lAcadie Françoise de M. Moreau, Paris, 1873....”’ par M. l’abbé A. Couillard-Després;

“La femme et la loi,” par M. Ferdinand Roy;

“Le dernier effort de la France au Canada,” par M. Gustave Lanctôt;

“px 20; Chauveau (1820-1890), bibliophile,” par M. Ernest Myrand;

‘Les Français dans l'Ouest; 1671,” par M. Benjamin Sulte.

On transmit au Comité de lecture, sans avoir le temps de les lire, les travaux dont voici la liste:

“Les Jarrets-noirs des Rapides-du-diable,” par C.-Marius Bar-

beau;

“La Maréchaussée de Québec sous le régime français” et “Le siège de l’Amirauté de Québec sous le régime français,” par M. P.- Geo. Roy;

“Nos ancêtres étaient-ils des ignorants?’’ par M. Benjamin

Sulte; “Le Portage du Témiscouata,” par le Rev. Frère Marie-Victorin; “Arréts, édits et ordonnances....; deuxième partie; M. E. F. Massicotte ;

“Le partage de l'immigration canadienne depuis 1897,” par M. Geo. Pelletier.

Sans avoir rempli les formalités d'usage, M. le Sénateur P. Poirier expliqua la nature de son travail intitulé ‘“Apogie du dialecte acadien.”’

La Section I, après des séances intéressantes, s’ajourne à l’année prochaine. C.-MaARIUS BARBEAU, Secrétaire pour la Section I.

On the motion of Hon. Rodolphe Lemieux, seconded by Mr. Chouinard, the report of Section I was adopted.

PROCEEDINGS FOR 1918 XXVII

REPORT OF SECTION dl

Five meetings of Section II were held during this session of the Society.

Members present were 20 in number, namely, Sir Wm. Peterson, President; Dr. Bryce, Dr. Cappon, Dr. J. H. Coyne, Dr. Doughty, Dr. Edgar, Sir Robert Falconer, Principal Grant, Hon. W. L. Mac- kenzie King, Mr. Lighthall, President of The Royal Society of Canada, Hon. Mr. Justice Longley, Honorary President of the Society, Dr. Macnaughton, Dr. Mavor, Mr. R. W. McLachlan, Venerable Arch- deacon Raymond, LL.D., Hon. Mr. Justice Riddell, LL.D., Mr. D. C. Scott, Dr. Adam Shortt, Lieut.-Col. Wm. Wood, Professor George M. Wrong.

In the Secretary’s absence on official duties in the United States, Dr. Coyne was elected Secretary pro tem.

Lieut.-Col. Wood and Dr. Raymond were elected to represent Section II on the Nominating Committee.

The following members were elected on Advisory Committee on Nominations for membership in the Section. Dr. Adam Shortt, Chairman, Dr. Bryce, Dr. Coyne, Mr. Hill-Tout, Mr. Lighthall, Dr. MacMechan, Mr. Wrong, with the President and Secretary of the Section.

Dr. Shortt, Mr. King and Mr. Burpee were Natt members of the Printing Committee.

It was decided to report to the Society that the Section proposes to elect two members next year.

Dr. Shortt and Sir Robert Falconer, with the President of the Society, were nominated as representatives of the Section on the Special Committee of the Society to draft a resolution with reference to the proposed mural historical paintings in the new Parliament Building.

The following members of the Section are or have been on Military Service:

E. A. Cruikshank

Arthur G. Doughty

Pelham Edgar

W. Lawson Grant

Sir Andrew MacPhail

Frederick George Scott

William Wood

A resolution was carried in favor of the continuance for the present of the practice of printing the Society’s Transactions separately for the Sections as well as issuing them in bound volumes.

XXVIII THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

The Section recommends that the name of Mr. John Ross Robert- son be retained on the list of members for another year.

A more systematic arrangement of the time-table for present- ation of papers was suggested. It often happens that Fellows of other Sections, as well as persons not members of the Society, are desirous of hearing papers of general interest, or in which they may have a special interest, but find themselves unable to do so, owing to uncer- tainty as to the time when the papers will be read. A motion was carried requesting the Executive of the Section to endeavour to secure a more satisfactory time-schedule for future sessions, and to co- operate with other Sections to that end.

The following officers were elected:

President: Maurice Hutton, M.A., LL.D.

Vice-President: W. Lawson Grant, M.A.

Secretary: L. J. Burpee, F.R.G.S.

The following papers were read in whole, in part, or by title :—

1.—Presidential Address: By Sir William Peterson, M.A., IBID Bete ae SIC:

2.—The Actuality of Greek Literature. By John Macnaughton, IVA IE RES es

3.—The Story of the Cariboo Road. By Judge F. W. Howay, LAB eRe Ce ;

4.—Canada’s_ Pacific Saadeh By Be Our St Scholefield.

Presented by Lawrence J. Burpee, F.R.S.C.

5.—Notes for an Introduction to Confederation and Defence: A Jubilee Study, 1867-1917. By Lieut.-Colonel William Wood, FoR.

6.—The Art of Construction in the Novel. By Pelham Edgar, psig DEY d ales Os

7.—Old Church Silver in Canada. By E. Alfred Jones, M.A. Presented by Duncan C. Scott, F.R.S.C.

8.—Pre-Assembly Legislatures in British Canada. By Hon. William Renwick Riddell, LL.D., F.R.S.C.

9.—The Genesis of the University of New Brunswick. By Archdeacon W. O. Raymond, LL.D., F.R.S.C.

10.—Prehistoric Canadian Art as a Source of Distinctive Design. By Harlan I. Smith. Presented by L. J. Burpee, F.R.S.C.

11.—Notes on the Flags of France. By Lieut.-Colonel A. G. Doughty, CNRC EL DE Res.

12.—The Tragic Tales of Tsoqulem and Yaada the Beautiful. By Lionel Haweis. Presented by Charles Hill-Tout, F.R.S.C.

13.—The Pre-Selkirk Settlers of Old Assiniboia. By Rev. George Bryce, D.D., LL.D., F.R.S.C.

PROCEEDINGS FOR 1918 XXIX

14.—Marriage in Early Upper Canada. By Hon. William Renwick Riddell, LL.D., F.R.S.C. 15.—The Evolution of our Canadianism and the Ethics of Civic Government. By J. M. Harper, M.A., Ph.D. Presented by Duncan Cscott: ER:S'C: JAMES H. Coyne,

Secretary pro tem.

On the motion of Dr. Coyne, seconded by Mr. Justice Riddell, the report of Section II was adopted.

REPORT OF SECTION III.

The Section held five sessions, at all of which there was a good attendance of Fellows and others interested in the programmes.

At the afternoon session of May 22, members of the Convention of the Canadian Section of the Society of Chemical Industry (meeting concurrently in Ottawa) were present by special invitation, the larger number of the chemical papers being reserved for presentation on that occasion.

The attendance of Fellows was exceedingly satisfactory and the interest in the programme of papers and in the business of the Section was keen and well sustained throughout; the meeting of 1918 may be considered as one of the most successful in the history of the Section.

The following Fellows were present at the sessions: Messrs. Allan, Bain, Burton, Clark, Dawson, Deville, Ellis, Fields, Glashan, Goodwin, Harkness, Johnson, King, Klotz, McGill, McIntosh, Mackenzie, Miller, Ruttan, Satterly, Shutt, Stansfield, Stupart.

The programme proved to be one of exceptional interest. Forty- two papers, dealing with subjects in pure mathematics, physics and chemistry, were read in full or in abstract. They contained many distinct and valuable contributions to science and the discussions that followed their presentation may be regarded as an indication of the close attention with which they were received and of the interest they awakened. A list of the titles is appended.

The election of Officers for the ensuing year resulted as follows:

prete lets Ce mama MN MERE AU Lh i QE Dr. Louis Vessot King. Nice=Presiden tig iiss wise: sis aoe Dr. A. S. Eve. SECTE PEN Un MS els vist cacy oc RIE Dr. Frank T. Shutt.

The following Fellows were appointed the Printing Committee of the Section for 1918-19:

Dr. Ruttan, Dr. Deville and Dr. King.

XXX THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

Four new Fellows were elected this year:

Dr. E. Archibald, as the result of the voting that closed on April ist Jast,, and J. ‘Patterson; MAS A. ols) DeLury MAT PE Bishop Tingle, Ph.D., by ballot at the meeting.

The rule as regards attendance was suspended in the case of Lt.- Col. W. R. Lang, Dr. A. S. Eve, Dr. F. B. Kenrick, Dr. Jz C. McLen- nan and Dr. Tory, absent on Military Service.

Questions relating to the “Publications” of the Society were fully discussed and in connection therewith the following resolutions were put to the meeting and passed:

1. That in view of the present situation this Section is of the opinion that it would be in the best interest of the Society to dis- continue the printing of the quarterly or half yearly issues of the Transactions.

2. That this Section strongly recommends to Council the desirability of furnishing, gratis, to each Author in the Science Sections (III and IV) fifty copies of his papers.

3. That no papers be printed which are not in the hands of the Secretary of the Section by July 1st, following the meeting.

4. That the Council be urged in the event of the discontinuance of the quarterlies, to push forward with all possible speed the printing and issue of the bound volume of the Transactions, so that it might be in the hands of the Fellows before the close of the current year.

The following important motions were also carried:

1. That a small committee be appointed by the President of the Section (Dr. A. Stanley MacKenzie) to consider ways and means by which the teaching of elementary science in Canada might be im- proved and to report to this Section next year.

2. That this Society urge upon the Government the establish- ment of a Dominion Laboratory for Scientific Measurements, similar to the United Bureau of Standards.

And that the following be appointed a committee to confer with representatives of other scientific societies and make recommendations as to the organization of the proposed institution.

Dr. E. Deville, Dr. Louis Vessot King, Dr. Otto Klotz, Dr. A.” Stanley MacKenzie, Dr. W. Lash Miller, Dr. Alfred Stansfield.

List OF PAPERS READ IN SECTION III.

1. Presidential Address. The War and Science. By Dr. A. Stanley MacKenzie, F.R.S.C.

2. Concerning the Integrals of Lelieuvre. By Charles T. Sullivan: En D or Res C:

PROCEEDINGS FOR 1918 XX

3. The Law of Corresponding States Applied to Air. By A. L. Clark, F.R.S.C., Queen’s University.

4. The Angle of Contact made with Glass by a Mercury Sur- face which is Covered with another Liquid. By A. L. Clark, F.R.S.C. Queen’s University.

5. On the Embodiment in Actual Numbers of the Kummer Ideals in the Quadratic Realm. By J. C. Glashan, LL.D., F.R.S.C.

6. Concerning a Representation of Irrational Numbers. By Samuel Beatty, Ph.D. Presented by Professor J. C. Fields, F.R.S.C.

7. Some Notes on the Halifax Explosion. By Howard L. Bronson. h Dsante: Cc:

8. The Penetration of Frost in Concrete Structures. By Louis Vessot King, D.Sc., F.R.S.C., McGill University.

9. Researches on Sound Measurement with references to the Testing of Fog-signal Machinery; an account of tests carried out at Father Point, P.Q., September-October, 1917. By Louis Vessot King, D.Sc., F.R.S.C., McGill University.

10. A Comparison of some Anemometers. By A. Norman Shaw, D.Sc., Macdonald College, McGill University, eeeeod by Dr. Louis Vessot King, F.R.S.C.

11. New Series in Metallic Spectrum. By R. V. Zumstein. Presented by Dr. E. F. Burton, F.R.S.C.

12. Rhythmic Precipitation in Gelatine. By Miss A. W. Foster. Presented by Dr. E. F. Burton, F.R.S.C.

13. New Lines in the Ultra-violet Spectra of Certain Metals. By D. S. Ainslie and D. S. Fuller. Presented by Dr. E. F. Burton, PRS tC.

14. The Radioactivity of the Natural Gases of Canada. By John Satterly, DSc." RSG.

15. The Viscosity of Rubber Solutions and its Relation to'the Commercial Properties of Rubber. By Richard Hamer. Pre- sented by Dr. E. F. Burton, F.R.S.C.

16. The Application of Wireless by the Dominion Observatory for Longitude Determinations. By R. M. Stewart, M.A. Presented by Dr. Otto Klotz, F.R.S.C.

17. The Transmission of Earthquake Waves. By Dr. Otto Klotz, F.R.S.C., Director, Dominion Observatory.

18. Tests of the 72-inch Mirror. By Dr. J.S. Plaskett, F.R.S.C.

19. Onan Electrical Method of Determining the Lime Require- ments of Soils. By C. J. Lynde, Ph.D. Macdonald College, presented by Dr. F. T. Shutt, F.R.S.C., Dominion Chemist.

20. Sulphuric Acid Vacuum Pump. By’O. Maass. Presented Dying Pe RUtEAN LE RSC

XXXII THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

21. The Compounds of Phenol and the Cresols with Pyridine— Part II. (A continuation of the work of Hatcher & Skirrow. Jour. Amer. Chem. Soc. XXXIX 9. 1939, 1917). By F. W. Skirrow, Ph.D. and R. V. Binmore, presented by Dr. R. F. Ruttan, F.R.S.C.

22. Bog Butter... By Dr. R. F: Ruttan, F.R;S)G. and Li dAsabel Howe.

23. Fats of the Isomeric Propylene Glycols. By L. Isabel Howe and Dr. RiP RottangHeRtSie

24. Latent Valency of Unsaturation and the Formation of Molecular Compounds. By O. Maass and J. Russell. Presented by Dro Ro FE. Ratan RS:

25. Preparation of Pure Concentrated Solutions of Hydrogen Peroxide. By O. Maass and O. Herzberg. Presented by Dr. R. F. Ruttan. FRÈSIC

26. Determination of the Gas Constant of Acetylene, Methyl Ether and Hydrobromic Acid. By O. Maass and J. Russell, presented by De Re PF Rue RSC:

27. A Study of Some of the Properties of Oxynitrilase. By W. A. Wieland and V. K. Krieble. Presented by Dr. R. F. Ruttan, Bares ©.

28. An Agricultural Source of Benzoic Acid. By Frank T. Shutt, D.Sc. F.R:S.C; and PJ... Moloney, M-A.

29. The “Alkali”? content of Soils as related to Crop Growth. By Frank T. Shutt, DSC, FRS CfandE. A Sunth; MA

30. The Composition of Bran and Shorts as Milled under Regulations of the Food Control Board. By Frank T. Shutt, D.Sc., BeRS (OC. and "Ri Dorrance,’ BoA:

31. The Utilization of Nitre Cake in the Manufacture of Super- phosphate. By Frank T. Shutt, D.Sc., F.R.S.C., and L. E. Wright, B.Sc.

32. The Absorption of Helium by Charcoal. By Stuart McLean. Presented by Dr. E. F. Burton, F.R.S.C.

33. The Determination of Morphine in Complex Products. Part I. A Revision of the Analytical Reactions Employed. By Alfred Tingle, Ph.D. Presented by Dr. F. T. Shutt, F.R.S.C.

34. The Determination of Morphine in Complex Products. Part II. Mixtures containing Morphine as a Simple Salt. By Alfred Tingle. Ph.D. Presented by Dr. F. T. Shutt, F.R.S.C.

35. The Determination of Morphine in Complex Products. Part III. Opium and Mixtures containing Opium. By Alfred Tingle, Ph.D. Presented by Dr. F. T. Shutt, F.R.S.C.

36. Carbonization and Briquetting of Canadian Lignites, Car- bonization. Part II. Large Scale. Laboratory Tests. By Edgar

PROCEEDINGS FOR 1918 XXXIII

Stansfield, M.Sc., and Ross E. Gilmore, M.Sc., presented by Alfred Stansfield, D.Sc., F.R.S.C.

37. Weathering of Carbonized Lignite, Appendix I. By E. Stansfield, M.Sc., R. E. Gilmore, M.Sc., and J. H. H. Nicolls, M.Sc. Presented by Alfred Stansfield, D.Sc., F.R.S.C.

38. Extraction Tests, Preliminary Note. Appendix II. By E. Stansfield, M.Sc. and R. C. Cantelo, B.Sc. Presented by Alfred Stansfield, D.Sc., F.R.S.C.

39. A Comparative Study of Magnetic Declination at Agin- court and Meanook, during the year 1917. By W. E. W. Jackson, M.A. Presented by Sir Frederick Stupart, Kt., F.R.S.C.

40. The Practical Analysis of Wave Forms by the Harmonic Method. By Dayton C. Miller, D.Sc., Professor of Physics, Case School of Applied Science, Cleveland, Ohio. Presented by Dr. Louis Vessot King, F.R.S.C.

41. Rational Plane Anharmonic Cubics. By Prof. A. M. Harding, M.A., Ph:D. University of Arkansas. Presented by Dr. GE Sullivan, FRSC:

42. Polynitro Derivatives ‘of the Benzene Series. By Prof. J. Bishop Tingle, D.Sc., presented by Dr. R. F. Ruttan, F.R.S.C.

FRANK T. SHUTT, Secretary, Sec. III.

On the motion of Dr. Shutt, seconded by Dr. A. S. MacKenzie, the report of Section III was adopted.

REPORT OF) SECTION IV.

Section IV begs to submit the following report —

Five sessions of the Section were held. Twenty-six Fellows were in attendance. They were:—Sir James Grant, Mr. R. G. McConnell, Professor B. A. Bensley, Professor J. J. MacKenzie, Principal F. C. Harrison, Mr. D. B. Dowling, Mr. Charles Camsell, Professor F. E. Lloyd, Professor F. D. Adams, Mr. William McInnes, Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt, Dr. A. B. Macallum, President F. F. Wesbrook, Mr. E. R. Faribault, Professor E. ‘E. Prince, Professor J. P. Mc- Murrich, Dr. A. G. Huntsman, Mr. John A. Dresser, Dr. A. H. MacKay, Dr. L. W. Bailey, Professor A. H. Buller, Professor A. P. Coleman, Mr. Lawrence M. Lambe, Abbé Victor A. Huard, Mr. James White and Mr. F. J. Lewis.

Two Fellows of the Section are on active service, viz., Lt.-Col. J. G. Adami and Lt:-Col. Brock.

XXXIV THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

Three new Fellows were added to the membership of the Section: President Wesbrook, Mr. F. J. Lewis and Mr. Charles Camsell.

As a result of the division into two new Sections, the following Sectional Officers were elected for the year 1918-19. .

Section IV, Geological Sciences (including Mineralogy).

President—Dr. L. W. Bailey. Vice-President—Mr. John A. Dresser. Secretary—Mr. William McInnes.

Section V, Biological Sciences.

President—Principal F. C. Harrison. Vice-President—Professor J. H. Faull. Secretary—Professor J. J. MacKenzie.

Professor Coleman and Principal Harrison were appointed to represent old Section IV on the Nomination Committee of the Society and no change was made as a result of the division of the Section.

Professor Harrison, Mr. Dowling and Dr. Hewitt were appointed to the Sectional Printing Committees. Of these Mr. Dowling of Section IV and Dr. Hewitt of Section V were nominated to act upon the General Printing Committee of the Society.

Dr. Adams, Professor Prince and Principal Harrison were ap- pointed to act with the Council upon the selection of new Fellows for both Sections, but the Sections request that the Council ask the assistance of an additional Geological Fellow to act with these three Fellows in the selection of candidates for the two Sections.

A resolution was passed by the Section that it be a recommmenda- tion to Council that three new Fellows be elected to Section IV, Geological Sciences (Including Mineralogy), and two new Fellows be elected to Section V, Biological Sciences.

On motion Sir Thomas Roddick’s active membership was ex- tended for one year.

Appended to the report is a list of the Fellows indicating to which of the new Sections they are assigned.

Twenty-eight papers were read at the sessions, the titles of which are appended. |

All of which is respectfully submitted, Joun J. MACKENZIE, Secretary.

On the motion of Dr. Harrison, seconded by Dr. Huntsman, the report of Section IV was adopted.

PROCEEDINGS FOR 1918 XXXV LIST OF FELLOWS, SECTIONS IV AND V

SEcTIoN IV, GEOLOGY (including Mineralogy).

Adams, F. D. Lambe, L. M. Ami, H. M. McConnell, R. G. Bailey, L. W. McInnes, W. Brock, R. W. Matthew, G. F. Camsell, Charles Miller, Willet G. Coleman, A. P. Parks, W. A. Dowling, D. B. Tyrrell, J. B. Dresser, J. A. White, J.

Faribault, E. R.

SECTION V., BIOLOGY

Adami, JG,, loyd, FE: Bensley, B. A. Macallum, A. B. Bethune, Rev. C. J.S. Mackay, A; Hi. Buller, A. H. R. MacKenzie, J. J. Burgess, T. J. W. McMurrich, J. P. Paull JET McPhedran, A. Fraser, C. M. Moore, C. L. Grant, Sir James A. Nicholls, A. G. Harris, DEF; Prince, E. E. Harrison, F. C. Roddick, Sir. T. G. Hewitt, C. Gordon Thomson, R. B.

Huard, L’Abbe Victor A.

Vincent, Swale

Hunter, A. Walker, E. M. Huntsman, A. G. : Wesbrook, F. F. Knight, A. P. Willey, Arthur Pawis 5°

LIST oF PAPERS PRESENTED IN SECTION IV.

1.—Presidential Address. Progress in the Geological Mapping of Canada. By R. G. McConnell, B.A., F.R.S.C.

2.—The Cretaceous genus Stegoceras typifying a new family referred provisionally to the Stegosauria (Illustrated). By Lawrence M. Lambe, F.R.S.C.

3.—Some Geological Problems in New Brunswick. By Dr. Ib: W. Bailey, F.R.S.C., and Dr. G. F. Matthew, FRSC,

4.—Notes on the origin of the new mineral Colerainite. By Mr. Eugéne Poitevin. Presented by Mr. W. McInnes, F:R.S:

XXXVI THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

5.—The Periodic Fluctuations of our Fur-Bearing Animals. By C. Gordon Hewitt, D.Sc., F.R.S.C.

6.—Migration of Marine Animals. By C. McLean Fraser, PHD.) ARIS:

7.—Branchioderma and Branchiotrema. By Arthur Willey, Discs RSC

8.—A Report. of Results obtained from the Microdissection of Certain Cells. By Robert Chambers, Jr. Presented by J. Playfair McMurrich, F.R.S.C.

9.—A Report on Cross Fertilization Experiments (Asterias x Solaster). By Robert Chambers and Bessie Mossop. Presented by J. Playfair McMurrich, F.R.S.C.

10.—Exuviation and Variation of Plankton Copepods with special reference to Calanus finmarchicus. By Mary E. Currie, B.A. Pre- sented by J. Playfair McMurrich, F.R.S.C.

11.—The Scale Method of calculating the Rate of Growth in Fishes. By A. G. Huntsman, B.A., F.R.S.C.

12.—The Vertical Distribution of Certain Intertidal Animals. By A. G. Huntsman, B.A., F.RS.C. ~

13.—The Effect of the Tide on the Distribution of the Fishes of the Canadian Atlantic coast. By A. G. Huntsman, B.A., F.R.S.C.

14.—The Living Unit as a Molecule. By A. G. Huntsman, DA th Resse

15.—A Contribution to the Evolution and Morphology of the Human Skull, by John Cameron, M.D., D.Sc., F.R.S.E. Presented by C. Gordon Hewitt, D.Sc., F.R.S.C.

16.—On the Possibility of a New Metabolic Factor in Toxaemias of Pregnancy. By Victor John Harding and James W. Duncan (Preliminary Note). Presented by Andrew Hunter, B.Sc., M.B., FARES CE

17.—Malignant Tumors as a Fofm of Tissue Mutation. By TJ MacKenzie MB.) F'R'S.C:.

18.—A Rosette forming Bacillus. (With two photo-micrographs). By hoe: MarmsonyDises RSE;

19.—Bacteria in Frozen Soils. By J. Vanderleck. Presented br Carson, D Se oF RSC

20.—Upon the Social Organization exhibited by Coprinus ster- quilinus. By A. H. Reginald Buller, D.Sc., F.R.S.C.

21.—Upon the Significance of Chemotropism in the Mycelium of Coprinus sterquilinus. By A. H. Reginald Buller, D.Sc., F.R.S.C.

22.—La flore de la Province de Québec. By Fr. Marie-Victorin. Presented by Francis E. Lloyd, M.A., F.R.S.C.

PROCEEDINGS FOR 1918 XXXVII

23.—The Inheritance of the Length of the Flowering and Ripening Periods in Wheat. By W. P. Thompson. Presented by Je Faull) PERD FRSC:

24.—On Some Canadian Diatoms. By Dr. L. W. Bailey, F.R.S.C. gidsroA wk Wackays ME RSC:

25.—Preliminary Study of the Western Gas Fields. By D. B. Dowling, B.Sc., F.R.S.C.

26.—Ferrierite, a new mineral, from British Columbia; with notes on some other Canadian minerals. By Professor R. P. D. ‘Graham, McGill University. Presented by Dr. Frank D. Adams, HR SIC:

27.—Bibliography of Canadian Botany for 1917. By A. H. MacKay, EL DS Broo. €.

28.—Bibliography of Canadian Geology for 1917. By Wyatt Malcolm, M.A. Presented by.R. G. McConnell, B.A., F.R.S.C.

The report of the Nominating Committee was then presented by Dr. A. S. Mackenzie. The following nominations were made:—

President—Hon. Rodolphe Lemieux.

Vice-President—Dr. R. F. Ruttan.

Honorary Secretary—Mr. Duncan C. Scott.

Honorary Treasurer—Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt.

Honorary Librarian—Mr. D. B. Dowling.

It was moved by Dr. A. S. MacKenzie, seconded by Colonel William Wood, that the report of the Nominating Committee be received and adopted.—Carried.

It was moved by Mr. Lawrence M. Lambe, seconded by Sir James Grant, that the following Fellows be appointed Auditors for the year 1918-19, Dr. Adam Shortt and Dr. J. C. Glashan.—Carried.

It was moved by Dr. Bryce, seconded by Dr. Shutt, that the following Fellows constitute the General Printing Committee of the Society for the year :— ’

Dr. Sulte, Mr. Barbeau, Mr. Burpee, Mr. Scott, Dr. Shutt Dr: Ruttan, Dr. Hewitt and Mr. Dowling.—Carried.

It was moved by Mr. Barbeau, seconded by Dr. King, that the thanks of this meeting be presented to the officers of the Society and the members of the Council for their very efficient services during the past year.

The meeting was then declared adjourned by the newly elected President, Hon. Mr. Lemieux.

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APPENDIX A

PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS CANADIAN POETS OF THE GREAT WAR

BY

W. D. LIGHTHALL, M.A., B.C.L., F.R.S.C.

Proc., Sig. 4

ELA Ce wae,

Canadian Poets of the Great War

I must be pardoned for the far from original remark that a period of intense national exaltation is usually followed by a period of intense literary activity. The Augustan Age, the Medicean, the Isabellan, the Elizabethan, the Louis XIV, the Victorian—are they not common examples? Sometimes local difficulties have prevented the sequence, such as in the United States after the Revolution, and in Canada after the migration of the Loyalists—though in the end these movements have produced profound effects in thought and expres- sion; for even if the ‘“Great American novel,” and the Great Cana- dian one, be still missing, the traditions of Independence and of United Empire have both been vastly fruitful. It is fair to prognosti- cate an intense literary activity in Canada, as well as elsewhere, inthe near future, resulting from the Great War and it is well to scrutinize the straws in the wind even now, because that literary activity will not be merely a bookish matter, but a voice issuing out of our people’s deepest soul.

What took place after that much less stirring, although momen- tous event, Confederation? Momentous, for Confederation made us a nation. By the way, it is amusing to hear every now and then that So-and-so ‘“‘made Canada a nation.” The feat has been attri- buted to at least a dozen different gentlemen by their admirers on fanciful grounds, from time to time; and to the C.P.R., and the McKinley tariff. But regarding even the superior claim of the Fathers of Confederation, had as many as two of them any real idea of the effects of what they were doing, beyond the solution of the old Provincial deadlock ? Was it not only after the deed was done that the true scope of it began to dawn on our people ?

The word “‘nation”’ itself is one used in too many senses, and needs some standardization by the British Academic Committee, or, in a suggestive way, by some such literary body as The Royal Society of Canada. At any rate a word used in so many confusing senses as ‘The Five Nations” for the Iroquois tribes; “la nation canadienne” for the French-Canadian race, in Lord Durham’s Report, and its French sources; “le parti national” for the old Mer- cier Race Party in Quebec; ‘‘the British nation” for the people of the British Isles, and also for the British Imperial stock; ‘the Scotch nation”, ‘the Irish nation,’ for two dialectic British provinces

XLII THE ROYAL SOCIETY (OF CANADA

represented in the Parliament of the United Kingdom; “the Imperial nation” for the British peoples at large, and ‘‘the Canadian nation” for that part of it municipally organized in Canada:—a word used in such a jumble of significations requires definition for any particular context. When therefore I say ‘‘Confederation made us a nation,” what is meant by the word is, a people brought together as a working political organism within a certain territory. This by no means im- plies a sovereign state: Canada’s nationhood is still a statehood in the United States of Britain, and perhaps sooner than we expect may, as part of the British Commonwealth, be combined with a different and larger quality still, of membership in the Federation of the World. Our ultimate nationality is humanity. I confess to have long had a hope of a larger Union between the British Empire, France and the United States. Anyway, Confederation lifted us out of the pettiness of provincialism. It brought us a territory larger than Europe to work in, and a wondrous ideal of what that new Europe might become for our seers to sing of.

Thus arose the Confederation School of Canadian poets. Why the prose writers lagged behind is another story. The compact and spirited message of lyric verse is doubtless the main secret of its influence in an age averse to long compositions and diluted thought. As the first anthologist of the Confederation poets, I had the privilege of intimate acquaintance with the principal men and women of the school and preserve their letters as valued treasures. Among them were John Reade, (now the delightful Dean of the guild), Archibald Lampman, Charles George Douglas Roberts, Bliss Carman, Charles Mair, Frederick George Scott, Hunter Duvar, William Wilfred Campbell, Dr. William Henry Drummond, Duncan Campbell Scott, John E. Logan, George Murray, George Martin, William McLennan, “‘Seranus,’”’ Ethelwyn Wetherald, Agnes Maule Machar, Pauline Johnson and Isabella Valancy Crawford. These appeared practically together like a flight of songbirds from the South in April, wafted in by some mighty wind of the spirit. The birthdates of most of them are within a few years of each other, not far from 1860. Roberts had the greatest promise. The new and spontaneous patriotic outburst of his

“O Child of Nations, giant-limbed Who stand’st among the nations now”

evoked an immediate emotional response throughout the Dominion:

“But thou, my Country, dream not thou. Wake and behold how night is done!—

How on thy breast and o’er thy brow, Bursts the uprising sun! ”’

APPENDIX A XLIII

and again, his ‘“‘Ode for the Canadian Confederacy,” beginning:

“Awake! my country, the hour is great with change.”

If the song of each of the poets of Confederation is analyzed we find in it the note of a new freedom and mastery—a cry which had been lacking before, of relief from the small provincial outlook, and a devotion to the beauty of this most beautiful of alllands. Archibald Lampman, for instance, seems at first sight to deal in themes and measures far away from national outlook. What have his titles, “Alcyone,”’ “The Favorites of Pan,’ or, “The Story of an Affinity,” to do with Canada? Or “The Frogs’’—those ‘‘quaint uncouth dreamers, voices high and strange ?’’—by which he told me he really intended the tree-toads! But in that exquisite poem, what a picture of the charm of his country!

“And ever as ye piped, on every tree,

The great buds swelled; among the pensive woods The spirits of first flowers awoke and flung

From their buried faces the close-fitting hoods, And listened to your piping till they fell,

The frail spring-beauty with her perfumed bell, The windflower, and the spotted adder-tongue.”’

After all, in his most distant excursions, he was working at the enrich- ment of Canadian life. In “Freedom,” he turns to the Laurentians; painting in clear, firm tones the new wide land: “Up to the hills, where the winds restore us, Clearing our eyes to the beauty before us;

Earth with the glory of life on her breast, Earth with the gleam of her cities and streams.”

Lampman’s amplest expression of his lovely and attractive soul, — for all who knew him loved him deeply—is his “Land of Pallas” that noble picture of the ideal country:

‘A land where Beauty dwelt supreme; and Right, the donor Of peaceful days, a land of equal gifts and deeds,

Of limitless fair fields, and plenty had with honor; A land of kindly tillage and untroubled meads.

A land of lovely speech, where every tone was fashioned By generations of emotion, high and sweet;

Of thought and deed and bearing lofty and impassioned; A land of golden calm, grave forms and fretless feet.

There were no castes of rich or poor, of slave or master, Where all were brothers and the curse of gold was dead;

But all that wise fair race to kindlier ends and vaster Moved on together with the same majestic tread.”

XLIV THE ROYAE SOCIETY OF CANADA

That ‘‘land of golden calm’’ was the ideal Canada, the.new vision of the community to be, to which his full heart yearned, and to which he gave prophetic utterance.

Every one of the Confederation School instinctively contributed his share to the edifice, some more directly than others. Some were the landscape artists of our verse, some the historical composers, others the mystics, others refined musicians in the art of words. None composed with more Celtic passion of patriotism than our late colleague Wilfred Campbell. Of him one could always feel that he was the thoroughgoing poet, his own first convert to his message, untamed in soul, unapologetic for his art, the incarnation of noble earnestness, a despiser of ignoble things and ignoble men:

“Earth’s dream of poetry will never die.

* * * * * * * *

Wrong cannot kill it. Man’s material scheme May scorn its uses, worship baser hope

Of life’s high purpose, build about the world

A brazen rampart: through it all will come

The iron moan of life’s unresting sea;

And through its floors, as filtered blooms of dawn, Those flowers of dream will spring, eternal, sweet.”’

His lyric pictures are often most happy:

‘“Along the line of smoky hills, The crimson forest stands;

And all the day the bluejay calls Throughout the autumn lands.”

And his ‘Lake Lyrics” are transcripts reflecting all the misty vastness of our inland seas. To him the best moral impulses we have came from our British ancestors, and present and future generations could not do better than treasure and build upon the deposit of British traditions. “England, England, England, Girdled by ocean and skies, And the power of a world and the heart of a race, And a hope that never dies. England, England, England, Wherever a true heart beats, Whereever the glories of liberty grow, ’Tis the name that the world repeats. * * * * * * * Till the last great freedom is found, And the last great truth is taught, Till the last great deed is done, And the last great battle is fought, Till the last great fighter is slain in the last great fight, And the warwolf is dead in his den, England, breeder of hope and valor and might, Iron mother of men.”

APPENDIX A XLV

The Confederation School indeed expressed something which was at the root of the chivalrous conduct of our young Canadians in the Great War. They both expressed and inspired it.

It would be very easy to trace the elements of the common task in the product of others of the school, but as two of the most eminent are among our own Fellowship, I shall quote a brief distinctive note from each.

Frederick George Scott wrote the following inscription for the Soldiers’ Monument at Quebec:

“Not by the power of Commerce, Art or Pen Shall our great Empire stand, nor has it stood,

But by the noble deeds of noble men, Heroic lives and heroes’ outpoured blood.”’

And from Duncan Campbell Scott may be chosen the exquisite sonnet: OTTAWA

Before Dawn.

“The stars are stars of morn; a keen wind wakes The birches on the slope; the distant hills,

Rise in the vacant North; the Chaudière fills The calm with its hushed roar;* the river takes An unquiet rest, and a bird stirs, and shakes The morn with music; a snatch of singing thrills From the river; and the air clings and chills.

Fair in the South: fair as a shrine that makes The wonder of a dream, imperious towers,

Pierce and possess the sky, guarding the halls, Where our young strength is welded strenuously; While in the East the Star of morning dowers The land with a large tremulous light, that falls A pledge and presage of our destiny.”

The Great War is vastly more stirring as an era than Confeder- ation was. Weare passing through the Valley of the Shadow of Death, and many of our sons have crossed the dark river itself and disappeared into the night. Fierce tests are forging men and will turn into our home life a stern and determined army, hating shams, not afraid of true revolutions, and accustomed to ideals, although singularly silent about them Momentous views and profound feelings have already begun to find some utterance here as well as in other allied lands. By examining the body of scattered verse from Canadian pens, we may hope to construct a dim picture of our coming poetic generation. Never mind the form. The mass must be regarded in the same light as those absorbing wash-and-pencil drawings, which come from the

XLVI THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

front, whose interest lies in their transcript character —transcripts of hourly trial and danger; of incidents of battle; of sad and tragic partings with the dying brave; of regimental losses in the charge; of heroic merriment under the miseries and privations of the winter dugout, the cold, the flooded trenches and the Flanders mud.

Naturally, several of the surviving Confederation Poets overlap the nascent Afterwar School by treating of such themes. Frederick George Scott has served at the front as chaplain since 1914, has lost. one son killed in action and has seen another part with an eye by a German bullet. Out of the fulness of his heart he has composed several of our finest poems on the war. Charles G. D. Roberts, who also holds a commission at the front, Duncan Campbell Scott, Wilfred Campbell, Mrs. Harrison (“‘Seranus’’), Mrs. Isabella Eccle- stone Mackay, and Miss Machar, have all contributed to the expres- sion of war life. And Robert W. Service—who might be called a belated member of the Confederation School, because of his creation of the poetic Yukon—and Theodore Goodridge ‘Roberts, son and literary pupil of his father Charles G. D. Roberts, are doing good work: in France. All these writers of pre-war attainment are giving our war verse some of its first forms and part of its lines of impulse. By reason of their previous experience, they promptly seize some of its characteristics. Yet it is a question whether they do or do not have, in their previous training, a disadvantage as well as an advantage over the new writers who will be wholly inspired by the new era.

The Great War period itself must be regarded as a new starting point, the foundation of the After-War literary edifice.

What then do we find in this Great War period, now evidently shaped with considerable distinctness? Is it not the following qualities:

1. Dreadful experiences. 2. Supreme heroism.

3. Ideals of fidelity—chivalry, honor, patriotism to Canada, Empire, and humanity.

4. Hatred of Wrong.

From these have resulted self-confidence, intensity of convictions, directness of view, dignity and new outlook,—strong elements of impulse which are certain to lead to constructive action in the near future, and that action will, when it arrives at maturity in our national affairs, necessarily flow along the lines of those experiences, ideals and impulses.

APPENDIX A XLVII

Canon Scott, the heroic chaplain, always in the thick of danger and adored by the men, gives the following, among his ‘“‘Poems written

‘at the Front.” THE SILENT TOAST.

“They stand with reverent faces, And their merriment give o’er,

As they drink the toast to the unseen host, Who have fought and gone before.

It is only a passing moment, In the midst of the feast and song,

But it grips the breath, as the wing of death In a vision sweeps along.

No more they see the banquet, And the brilliant lights around,

But they charge again on the hideous plain When the shell-bursts rip the ground.

Or they creep at night, like panthers, Through the waste of No Man’s Land, Their hearts afire with a wild desire And death on every hand;

And out of the roar and tumult, Or the black night loud with rain,

Some face comes back from the fiery track And looks in their eyes again.

And the love that is passing woman’s And the bonds that are forged by death

Now grip the soul with a strange control And speak what no man saith;

The vision dies off in the stillness, Once more the tables shine,

But the eyes of all in the banquet hall Are lit with a light divine.”

Vimy Ridge, April, 1917.

In ‘‘Requiescant”’ he sees the same ‘‘unseen host.”

“In lonely watches night by night, Great visions burst upon my sight, For down the stretches of the sky, The hosts of dead go marching by.

Strange ghostly banners o’er them float, Strange bugles sound an awful note; And all their faces and their eyes

Are lit with starlight from the skies.”

XLVIII THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

Robert W. Service, the “Red Cross Man,” (who lost his brother, Lieutenant Albert Service, killed in action in 1916) has sought his subject with a sure instinct:

“OVER THE PARAPET

“All day long when the shells sail over, I stand at the sandbags and take my chance; But at night, at night, I’m a reckless rover, And over the parapet gleams Romance. Romance! Romance! How I’ve dreamed it, writing Dreary old records of money and mart, Me with my head chock full of fighting, And the blood of vikings to thrill my heart!

But little I thought that my time was coming, Sudden and splendid, supreme and soon; And here I am with the bullets humming, As I crawl and I curse the light of the moon; Out alone, for adventure thirsting! Out in mysterious No Man’s Land! Prone with the dead when a star shell bursting, Flares on the horrors on every hand.”’

Theodore Goodridge Roberts gives us such stanzas as this:

“A CANADIAN DAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1916.”

“Steady they come, as those who had come in the morning, Unshaken they passed where the bursting barrage was set;

They passed their victorious comrades; they passed to their gaal— The machine-gunned houses and gardens of Courcellette.

Into and through it, they flamed like fire through stubble; With death before them, behind them, and swift in the air;

They struck stark fear to the hearts of the craven foemen; With bomb and steel they dug the Boche from his lair.

September the Fifteenth. That was a day of glory, With blood, with life, they captured the fortress town; While far way, in the dear land they died for, In frosty coverts the red leaves fluttered down.”

Others of the older writers, who have not been at the front, have also been stirred by phases of the struggle. Duncan Campbell Scott has seen the vision of the aviator’s soul in his Miltonic ‘“‘Lines on a Canadian Aviator who died for his Country in France.”

APPENDIX A XLIX

“But Death, who has learned to fly, Still matchless when his work is to be done,

Met thee between the armies and the sun; Thy speck of shadow faltered in the sky;

Then thy dead engine and thy broken wings Drooped through the arc and passed in fire;

A wreath of smoke,—a breathless exhalation; But ere that came, a vision sealed thine eyes,

Lulling thy senses with oblivion; And from its sliding station in the skies

Thy dauntless soul upward in circles soared To the sublime and purest radiance whence it sprang.”

Robert Stanley Weir’s “Treason” gives vigorous voice to the

intense anger at traitors: TREASON.

Because when your own Mother had sore need; Because you knew it well and would not heed; Because, though rufhans from the raging Rhine Assailed with roar her very door; You said Her quarrel is not mine. Because of this: Yours shall forever be a name to hiss! * * * * * Because not only have you failed to fight, At Armageddon ‘gainst all Devil’s might; But held your brothers back when they would go, Blinding their eyes with dastard lies So that they went not up against the foe; Because of this; Yours shall forever be a name to hiss.”’

His “Were You Not There ?”’ is an equally stern arraignment of the slacker. And the true tone rings in Charles Twining, from whose numerous lyrics of the time we may quote:

WHO WIN THE FIGHT.

Yes, they have peace, as they have peace who wait,— Returning, conquerors, from a distant field, Upon the King, when every brow of state, Against their coming, must its homage yield; Or, as a savant, who has studied long Framing a rich elixir, of such worth, That, having found it, a triumphant song Is his, for he has changed man’s lot on earth; Or as a youth, who, bending in the race Beyond his fellows, stumbles at the goal; What cares he if he slipped in his last place When, winning, he has made his being whole ? And do they trouble that their breath may cease, Who win the fight, when only such have peace ?”

L THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

From Samuel Mathewson Baylis, author of the volumes “Camp and Lamp’’, and “‘At the Sign of the Beaver’, come good fighting lines :—

“THOROUGHBRED.”

All unafraid, as sire the seed, Indomitable, undismayed, Fronts the ringed teeth of mongrel breed All unafraid.

‘If few the greater honor paid!— Adown the years our Henry’s creed Still fires high souls in arms arrayed.

Though eyes be dim and torn hearts bleed, On! still unshaken, firmly stayed, They greatly rise to greater need, All unafraid!”

It would be invidious and inopportune to attempt a list of the others who have written well.

But the deepest interest lies in that often formless mass of new utterance which is welling up day by day hot from the lifesprings of the new generation. The famous lines of Lt.-Col. John McCrae, who lately died of pneumonia at the McGill Hospital, Boulogne, are in- separable from the Great War:

IN FLANDERS FIELDS.

In Flanders fields the poppies grow, Between the crosses row on row, That mark our place; and in the sky, The larks, still bravely singing, fly; Scarce heard amid the guns below.

We are the dead. Short days ago,

We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow;

Loved and were loved, and now we lie In Flanders fields.

Take up our quarrel with the foe,

To you from failing hands we throw

The torch. Be yours to lift it high.

If ye break faith with us who die

We shall not sleep, though poppies blow In Flanders fields.”

One of these dead in Flanders fields, Lieutenant Bernard Freeman Trotter, who was killed by a high explosive shell on May 7th, 1917,

APPENDIX A LI

wrote passages of lofty feeling. He exclaims while detained by ill health from enlisting:

O God, the blood of Outram in these veins Cries shame upon the doom that dams it there In useless impotence, while the red torrent runs In glorious spate for Liberty and Right. O to have died that day at Langemarck! In one fierce moment to have paid it all! The debt of Life to Earth and Hell and Heaven. To have perished nobly in a noble cause, Untarnished, unpolluted, undismayed, By the dark world’s corruption; to have passed, A flaming beacon light to gods and men, For in the years to come it shall be told How these laid down their lives not for their homes, Their orchards, fields, and cities; they were driven To slaughter by no tyrant’s lust for power; Of their free manhood’s choice they crossed the sea, To save a stricken people from its foe They died for justice. Justice owes them this; That what they died for, be not overthrown.”

And again: “O happy dead, who sleep embalmed in glory, Safe from corruption, purified by fire! We shall grow old and tainted with the rotten Effluvia of the peace we fought to win; But you have conquered Time, and sleep forever, Like gods with a white halo on your brows; Your souls our lodestars, your death-crowned endeavour The spur that holds the nations to their vows.”

These words, written in France in April, 1917, were the last he wrote before he himself ‘“‘conquered Time, and slept forever.”

The verses from Lt. Peregrine Acland’s Poem ‘‘The Reveille of Romance’”’ which I am about to quote show the spirit of high resolve and the imaginative outlook which actuated those who sprang to arms at the first call. This spirit upheld many throughout the stress of the campaigns. The author, who wrote the lines at sea on his way to the front, proved himself a fine soldier, received the Military Cross, was promoted to the rank of Major and was severely wounded.

Regret no more the age of arms, Nor sigh, ‘‘Romance is dead.”

Out of life’s dull and dreary maze Romance has raised her head. * * * From East and West and South and North The hosts are crowding still; The long rails hum as troop-trains come By valley, plain and hill;

LII

THE,ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

' And whence came yearly argosies Laden with silks and corn, Vast fleets of countless armed men O’er the broad seas are borne.

* * * Though warriors fall like frosted leaves Before November winds, They only lose what all must lose, But find what none else finds. Their bodies lie beside the way, In trench, by barricade, Discarded by the titan Will That shatters what it made.

Poor empty sheaths, they mark the course Of spirits bold as young; Whatever checked that fiery charge As dust to dust was flung. For terrible it is to slay And bitter to be slain, But joy it is to crown the soul In its heroic reign. And better far to make or mar, Godlike, but for a day, Than pace the sluggard’s slavish round In life-long, mean decay. * * * Who sighs, then, for the Golden Age ? Romance has raised her head, And in the sad and sombre days Walks proudly o'er your dead.

The women have contributed largely. Mrs. Annie Bethune

Macdougald speaks the gift of the mothers:

WAR DEBT. Some pay the tax in riven gold, But we in blood and tears, Heart throbs, lone vigils, and passionate tendance through the years; First bending low to cull the drifting smile of sleeping innocence incarnate Then level, eye to eye, with love’s divining glance, Would read the riddle of the dawning man innate; Held hostage still by roguish straight-limbed youth And then with lifted eyes do we behold the flower Of manly strength stand up above us * * * * * * * * And then, with miser fingers, we con the hoarded treasure of the years And wonder, even as Mary, all human, all divine; That all such fair investment of fine gold, Should buy us but a crown of glistening, bitter tears.

* * * * * * *

"Tis thus we women pay.”

APPENDIX A LIL

Miss Helen Coleman, in her volume entitled “Marching Men— War Verses” has thoughts of

AUTUMN, 1917.

“Are there young hearts in France recalling These dream-filled, blue Canadian days,

When gold and scarlet flames are falling From beech and maple set ablaze ?

Pluck they again the pale wild aster The bending plume of golden-rod ? And do their exiled hearts beat faster, e Roaming in thought their native sod;

Dream they of Canada, crowned and golden Flushed with her autumn diadem.

In years to come, when time is olden, Canada’s dream shall be of them;

L

Shall be of them who gave for others, The ardor of their radiant years;

Your name in Canada’s heart, my brothers, Shall be remembered long with tears.”

Some of these poets have been inspired to verse for the first time in their lives. Miss Esther Kerry, a young lady of a well-known and gifted family of Montreal, who served in England as a V.A.D. nurse, wrote one day in London these happy lines:—

L HE IS A CANADIAN.

“He is a Canadian—I wonder has he stood In some thick forest, on a mountain slope, Silent beneath a pine.

And looking out across a valley seen Nothing but bristling tree trunks far below And storm-scarred grey mountains

Whose snow-caps

Rise to a sunswept blue.

He is a Canadian—I wonder has he stood

On some still morning by a tiny lake | And watched the water ripple on the beach,— One little clearing

In the mighty woods—

And know that he is first to breathe that air Not weighted by a thousand lives and thoughts, But rare and pure,

A breathing straight from God.

LIV THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

Oh, Canada, of bigness, beauty, strength,

Whom we thy wondering children know as ne’er before - In exile’s retrospect of glorious hours,

We love thee with a love we never felt till now,

A love not all our own, a heritage

From those who to thy shores no more return.

Their love of thee, unconscious, pent,

Which drove them forth, they knew not why

And urged them on

All glad for thee to die

In this great love may we be consecrate

And made a nation new,

Strong as thy mountains,

Generous as thy plains, e Pure as thy winters,

And with depths unknown |

As all thy forest lakes—

Still pools of peace.”

And a lovely lament is the elegy ‘A Cry from the Canadian Hills” by Lilian Leveridge of Carrying Place, Ontario, over her young brother Frank, who died of wounds in France:

“Laddie, little laddie, come with me over the hills,

Where blossom the white May lilies and the dogwood and daffodils; For the spirit of spring is calling to our spirits that love to roam; Over the hills of home, laddie, over the hills of home.

Laddie, little laddie, here’s hazel and meadow rue,

And wreaths of the rare arbutus ablowing for me and you;

And cherry and bilberry blossoms and hawthorn as white as foam; We'll carry them all to mother, laddie, over the hills of home;

Brother, little brother, your childhood is passing by, And the dawn of a noble purpose I see in your thoughtful eye. * * * * * * *

Laddie, soldier laddie, a call comes over the sea,

A call to the best and bravest in the land of liberty,

To shatter the despot’s power, to lift up the weak that fall; Whistle a song as you go, laddie, to answer your country’s call.

Brother, soldier brother, the spring has come back again;

But her voice from the windy hilltops is calling your name in vain; For never shall we together, mid the birds and the blossoms roam, Over the hills of home, brother, over the hills of home;

* * * * * * *

Laddie, Laddie, Laddie! How dim is the sunshine grown;

As Mother and I together speak softly in tender tone,

And the lips that quiver and falter have ever a single theme,

As we list for your dear lost whistle, laddie, over the hills of dream.”

APPENDIX A LV

*

Many are expressing themselves in similar outbursts of utmost sincerity. Then there are ruder things of ballad type, with the ring of valor and the interest of truth:

“THE TAKING OF THE RIDGE” (By Sapper J. T. Peck, C.E.F., 2005647).

‘Twas a beast of a night. God! the mud Up to our necks and red with blood, Held fast like glue, both horse and gun— That night the famous ridge was won.

For months we had stood a grilling fire From Fritz’s guns across the mire,

Our graveyards grew mid the bursting shell, The living breathed and tasted hell.

Mud—the cursed Flanders mud :—

Up to our necks and red with blood Barred the way to that coveted ridge Where the heaping corpses made a bridge.

O’er No Man’s Land, a bog of hell.

A seething mass of hissing shell,

Lit by the tongues of a thousand guns; Our brave lads dashed to meet the Huns.

On, on through the mud they pressed their way, Machine guns spat, but ne’er did stay

That gallant charge o’er No Man’s Land, Where war is hell, and hell is grand;

The dawn rose grey, when a British cheer From the lofty ridge broke strong and clear; It drowned the cowardly cry ‘“‘Kamerade’”’ | From the cowering Hun who feared the blade;

We marched them down through the oozing mud, With the dead piled high, congealed in blood, Those fiends of hell, they paved the way

From the conquered ridge in suits of grey;

But no one knows how the ridge was won; Save those who faced the hated Hun

And our pals who rest beneath yon sod [= Who lie in peace at rest with God. La

In the silent depth of the Flanders mud Made sacred by their own heart’s blood God rest their souls, and Heaven keep Their loved ones, waiting across the deep.”

Proc., Sig. 5

LVI THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

Some new Western men have written well. Robert J. C. Stead, of Calgary, has given notable verses on ‘Kitchener’, among others in his volume “Kitchener and Other Poems”. This dirge strikes the chord of Empire:

KITCHENER.

Weep, waves of England. Nobler clay Was ne’er to nobler grave consigned;

The wild waves weep with us today Who mourn a nation’s master mind.

We hoped an honored age for him,

And ashes laid with England’s great, And rapturous music, and the dim

Deep hush that veils our Tomb of State.

But this is better. Let him sleep

Where sleep the men who made us free, For England’s heart is in the deep

And England’s glory is the sea;

One only vow above his bier— One only oath beside his bed—

We swear our flag shall shield him here Until the sea gives up its dead:

Leap, waves of England. Boastful be. And fling defiance in the blast

For earth is envious of the Sea, Which shelters England’s dead at last.”

James Mabon is a gentleman of Scottish birth who has lived a number of years in Saskatchewan. His poetic grasp of Western war problems is evident in

HAYSEED.

“Hayseed.”” That's what you called him, With his overalls patched and worn,

And his get-up rather straggly,

And his buttons, somewhat forlorn.

And he stooped a bit in his walking, Had naught of the martial stride, And there were marks on his forehead That his thick locks could not hide;

And his hands were hard and gnarled, And you saw as he crossed the street, That the binder twine and the laces Were chums in the shoes of his feet;

APPENDIX A LVII

And his open shirt-neck showed you The bare throat ruddy and brown, And you dubbed him ‘‘Hayseed,” Taking your stroll uptown.

Perhaps he chewed and squinted

And ‘‘darned”’ not a little, ‘‘you bet,” And you smiled in condescension And, talked to your cigarette.

But he sent his boys to the trenches, And his wife did the work of two, Tho’ you'll look pretty long for his record In the pages of “Who is Who”.

But Old Mother Earth keeps writings For all the world to read,

The tale of Creation’s Conscript Whose life is a long brave deed.

And a cry comes up from the city, And over the sleeping lea,

Rides on the wings of the tempest, Sweeping the sundering sea.

Bearing the call of the hungry, Ever the old refrain,

And the gnarled hands are lifted And the back is bent again

And the wise man in his wisdom, And the foolish in pride’s disguise, And the boy who fights for Freedom With the God-light in his eyes,

And the rich man with his riches, And the poor man at his toil,

Make, gladly, meek obeisance

To the Craftsman of the Soil.

Hyman Edelstein, a young Jew of Montreal, introduces one of the strangest notes of the incredible contest, when he voices the gratitude of Canadian Israel regarding the Restoration of Palestine,—the re-wedding of the Holy Land to the Chosen People,—in which indeed a number of our young Canadian soldiers took part:

ZION IS FREE!

From Lebanon comes a shout of glee, And Carmel echoes long.

* * * * *

And Jordan sings with a newfound rhyme

And the valleys ring with the mingled chime, As the trees whirl in a rustling dance, Over the strange divine romance:

Shulamith and her lost are met—

Zion and Judah are lovers yet!

LVIII : THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

What saith the Jordan to the sea ?

And thou, old Kishon, what aileth thee ? Why run the rivers with hurrying gait ? And what the tidings they relate

To the fields that can no longer wait,

And the woods that with wild joy vibrate ?—

O it is the ‘Earth of Israel’ singing,

Which feels the tread of her children’s feet, And it is the shout of the strong hills ringing Which thus their ancient tenant greet:

Zion is free! Zion is free!

My children, my children, come back to me!”

Yielding to the urgings of friends, I take the anthologist’s privi- lege of inserting some lines of my own:

THE GALAHADS

* * * * *

Yet faint above the din, on ether borne,

A clear voice rang the ancient battle cries: “Freedom and honor! truth and chivalry!

St. George, defend thy pledges unto death!

St. George, defend the weak, and save the world!”’ And all true sons of Britain felt it vain

To live, unless as British knights of old,

Then lo! with reverence and pride we saw The knights of old appear,—Sir Galahads, None purer, none more brave. They had been known Till then but as the schoolboys of the camps, Carefree and merry, warming elder blood

By pranks of diving, reckless climbing feats Up sheerest precipices. Trackless wilds Knew them as tenters. The shy beaver heard Their paddles unafraid. Widely they ranged The peaks and dales uncharted, seeking risks For love of danger and the jest with Death.

Yesterday they were children. Scarcely yet Knew we they needed less our tender care,

Until some grave look or some manly deed Warned us the soul was ripe. We pondered then.

So came the world’s great need and Honor’s call, And silent, modest, up they rose to serve,— Then in our wonder we beheld them men

And saw the Knights of Arthur’s Table stand Before us in their sacred panoply.

Little they said and naught delayed their going, Farewells to launch, canoe, fair lake and range, A tender word to mother, and forth they fared, As thousands like them fared from lake and stream, Crusaders of the Grail. Rude knights were some But knightly all: God loves all faithful men.

APPENDIX A LIX

Galahads of the camps! For this you learnt

The fearless life and strenuous company

Of the wild North, contempt of hurt and cold, Joy of unmeasured contest, wit to meet Emergency, deft skill and steady nerve.

What seemed but sport was training, and the best Was inner,—loyal will and heart humane.

And in your battles you remembered oft

The mountains of the Land of Manitou.

Some shall return with honor, henceforth called The heroes of the world. But where are those Who shall never return ?

Alas! to earthly eyes they sleep afar

In fields of glory famed to end of time. Yet ever shall they clothe these leafy hills With visions of the noblest deeds of men And hold before Canadian youths to come The quest eternal of the Holy Grail.

To treat of the part of the gallant French-Canadian Contingent in France would be to encroach on the field of the French Section of this Society. The glory of Talbot Papineau, of Major Roy, of Dumont Laviolette, and of the immortal 22nd, will assuredly be cherished in the Old Province in future years. I may, however, be permitted to quote one tribute to them by a French writer interested in Canada :—

‘MONTREAL AU FRONT DE FRANCE. by René d’Avril.

“Beaux et forts, l'œil hardi, cambrant leur haute taille Affrontant les dangers trops connus,—la mitraiile,

Les gaz, le froid, le chaud, la boue, et loin des leurs Ne pensant qu’au pays dont flottent les couleurs,— Pays qui les rassemble en un méme uniforme:

Ils sont aux premiers rangs de cette lutte énorme; Héros de bronze clair qu’envierait un sculpteur.

Ils ont quitté le sole du logis enchanteur. Plus de rire d’enfants, sous le ciel gris de France Mais l’attaque de nuit, l’implacable défense Et la gloire qui passe en funébre appareil * * * * *

Ils sont du Canada, non loin de Montréal.....

Vaste image émergeant des brouillards de la Somme:

O grands lacs, O grands fleuves lents, grands champs de blé, Pays ou tout est grand, même le cœur de l’homme!

(Paris, H dpital de l'Ecosse.)

LX THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

Captain Harwood Steele, of Winnipeg and the front, has written many clever poetic tributes to the Navy, and other lyrical descriptions of the great struggle. One of our most promising singers, he strikes a worthy note of Empire in

THE IMPERIAL ANTHEM

. Lord God of hosts, Thy people cry to Thee, Who smote for them, a path upon the sea. Here at Thy feet, and looking still for aid Kneeleth an Empire, great and unafraid. Should foes appear, and war clouds darken man, God of our sires, stand forward in our van.

Death crowned the fleet, that keeps our restless tide, Death crowned the line, wherein our fathers died. Strong in our faith, and bound to Thee alone,

Six nations one, we wait before Thy throne.

When in Thy name, we let the legions fly,

Lord God of Battles, hear their battle cry.

Then bound six-fold, by ties of blood and tears, Shed each for each, through all our thousand years, Under one King, our faces set to Thee,

Shall we be one, in peace eternally.”

This has been set to excellent music by Mrs. de Lotbiniére- Harwood, of Edmonton.

Having now taken a survey, more or less incomplete, of our war verse, we may try to measure its place and divine its future. In what qualities does it differ from the large and well-developed body of war poetry of the rest of the English speaking world? Two interesting comparisons are easily made. One is with the Anthology called ‘‘Poems of Today” in which some of the best things of the recent English poets regarding the war are collected: the other is with the “Poems and Songs of the South African War” brought together by the late Dr. J. D. Borthwick, (who was somewhat over liberal in his inclusions). The great South African contest looks today almost an excursion by the side of monstrous Armageddon, and the output of verse it occasioned might be contained in a leaflet. Yet on reflection, its national and even literary impulse was not negligible, and had a much larger result than is generally supposed. And it had a definite and close relation to, and influence upon, our part in Armageddon.

In technique, only a small part of our poetry of the present war compares with the product of such British writers as Kipling, Binyon, Masefield, Rupert Brooke, Henry Newbolt. And in volume, it is of

a

APPENDIX A LXI

course but a little stream. Perhaps in both these respects—technique and volume—it may equal the work of the poets of the United States. : But in three aspects it is unexcelled: no other verse is more bathed in the blood and agony of bitter struggle: none speaks from a soul of more uncompelled and undiluted chivalry; and none other proceeds specifically from our Canadian point of view, and so to speak courses directly in our national veins. It has indeed a notable relation to the whole present and subsequent revolution which the war is bring- ing, and is to bring, into the life of nations. All over the world these common impulses are taking form, and all humanity will surely aim at closer links of fraternity, mercy, justice and liberty and the attempt to establish a better world.

It is bound up, too, with the incoming tide of vital changes in the British Commonwealth. We have made it clear that the Empire is a living family, that all its people are our brethren, all its territory our country, its greatness our pride, its unity our concern, its organi- zation one of our tasks, its future one of our grandest hopes. Those who have dreamed the British Commonwealth would fall apart have proved as foolish as those who proclaimed that chivalry is a myth.

The office of our war verse will be to apply the deep lessons of the struggle to the making of a better Canada as well as a more secure Empire. Racial passions, appetites for domination, -ignorance, cowardice, materialistic ideals, will receive strong shocks from the forces of the new crusade; and the next generation will see many resultant changes in Canadian affairs. Few ideals are ever perfectly successful here below. But just as certainly, they form an enriching alloy when poured into the baser metal of the world: and just as cer- tainly the world is advanced by each, to some extent. The law of conservation of moral energy is as valid and exact as the law of con- servation of physical energy. None is ever lost. Whoever does a heroic deed, whoever enshrines it in a lyric line, have both achieved something immortal and eternal in their influence. The poets of Confederation had and will have a profound though noiseless influence. So will the War School. And as the war is a greater, wider, nobler event for us than Confederation, its influence will be so much the stronger.

But are those who have already written on the War the whole of our War School of Canadian poets? Are they not rather the pre- cursors? In Pisgah view, I think I descry the real school as yet to come. The Confederation Poets came chiefly after Confederation. The War School will, I believe, appear chiefly after the war. Young men and women of genius—some probably returned from the contest—will celebrate its glorious deeds, will drink deep inspiration

LXII THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

from that brilliant band of heroes who are already beginning to render our circles illustrious with their presence, will develop the depths of feeling, the stirring calls to action, the picturesque adventures, the world-wide range of interests, the passion for true living, the insistent calls for a better people, for improved institutions, for a more dignified civilization, worthy of the new, hardwon tradition of Canadian valor, which is to go down to our children and children’s children.

This is our Homeric Age. There never will be a greater fight. There never will be a vaster battlefield. There never will be richer experiences, more terrible shadows, more tragic trials, more glorious courage, more splendid triumphs, a higher tide of Empire, a worthier cause to live and die for. À

The art of song cannot hurriedly attain to fit celebration of this epic period. The poets may perhaps not yet be born who shall invent utterances that shall be truly worthy of the innumerable heroic achievements, the Galahadic dedications to the supreme sacrifice, the wonderful idealism of the whole crusade. The story is too grand to be forgotten. It will sound the trumpet of the breast until it finds and calls out our supreme minstrel to supremely chant our Idylls of the Heroes.

APPENDIX B

THE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE OF CANADA BY SIR FREDERIC STUPART, Kt., F.R.S.C.

Director, Dominion Meteorological Service

j De Ee 2h a Le ae Lie ee 3

a 44 cs

METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE REPORT

Meteorological returns have been received at the Central Office from 607 stations, inclusive of 32 new climatological stations, but exclusive of 112 storm signal stations, and 7 stations which have ceased reporting.

The following are the new stations, together with the names of the observers:

Dome Creek BEL IS Re EURE ce haan ee E. L. Webber. CIO CRE RP TT A re hots Charles Statham. Harpers Canin, BC IS es fa H. L. Waters. LENCO à Le QE GR PR ER RE TEE ILE ARR E. L. Fleming. RorteAlbenns2 3 Crees RER vie otto te oe Cea EON Bowsleland AMAR Sosa stents LIN RE tele M. Mortensen. vintranee Altria foc cities oak oa shad alae Re C. MacFayden. Neanook-eAltacee tere scent ees ot oles ee lee H. E. Cook. INIUNSONE ATEN ES once sc xc. RE TR ne Srous P. R. Fraser. North'Cocking. Lake Alta 7.12 2m acer: C. C. Bailey. AT ULV ON fee) any GR Sioa La ea A eo Sm wm ds R. H. Babe. PAN SAGA, MR FER tod aia RE A ie oe otal whee K. Vavasour. ICP AE ASIC Na, patted et ee PA de Sr Dr. S. E. Shaw. IGT DEG ASK, ote RM an chore ae tamale tees Chas. A. Stewart. Wodpes€ rocks Sages). EN eee NS W. G. Edgerton. WshesvillesSaskss oa.5 RE enc eters Mote arsine H. M. Morrison. CrystalCtiys Mans cas. 0 4 sas, cuts chs Vive Ralph Greenway. WOT Germs amie RE a ir heaven hate E. M. Straight. Portage-la Pratie Man. ee ete John Simpson. PSone tie Park, Ont us SES G. W. Bartlett. Franz, Ont res... IST A Spor Ooot D. J. Bolton. JB ET eno 2 MO 1 A A RS es sok em eae D. D. Digges. Kaprskasine Ginter sa. ic ac SE yates oars S. Ballantyne. Bañaventure Quen. S20 ints Activates oeil. tire Hi: Lane: Pear Te UG A Sete Ae oct tan hens, Camas nds Das L. E. Lorquet. Spintrlake, Que: sir RER ERREUR: Pascal Fortier. MeAdamifunetion, NB PRE PE ER le W. J. Vaughan. SOAÉRRATEON EN Sis RE Sale have. se Thos. Welton. druro Normal: College NS wc ce ie ss aes J. A. Benoit. Beller isle: NÉ. TE SM Re ween es P. Thomas. IF OGOS NI anit SN ON e isto De Harry Randell.

The daily forecasts have been issued twice daily throughout the year and disseminated widely in all parts of the Dominion. In the Western Provinces good progress has been made in extending the bulletins to the more important points served by the Canadian

LXVI THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

Northern Railway, and arrangements have recently been made to issue a daily forecast to places in the Interior of British Columbia. The percentage of verification of the daily forecasts was 87-5.

The Monthly Record of Meteorological Observations which as stated in my last Report has taken the place of the Annual Climato- logical Report, has been brought almost as closely to date as is pos- sible, and the Service can no longer be reproached for issuing belated reports. The Monthly Map published from four to five days after the close of each month gives most valuable information regarding the progress of the seasons and is greatly appreciated by all directly concerned with agricultural operations. The daily weather map has been issued without a break throughout the year and much of the data it contains is telegraphed to all parts of the Dominion. The Report of the Toronto Observatory which has been issued annually since 1860 is now printed in the Meteorological Office press and was in print at an earlier date this year than ever before. It contains data which is of much interest now and will be of the utmost value in the future. Never in the history of the Service have there been so many applications for Meteorological data as during the past year, and in many instances the preparation of the particular data asked for has entailed considerable clerical work. Applications have been received from Government offices, electrical development engineers, railways, legal firms, cities, pulp wood companies, irrigation engineers, agri- cultural institutes, farmers, prospective immigrants and many others, and all enquiries have been replied to as fully and promptly as possible.

The Percentage of verification of”storm warnings issued for Canada was 84-1.

Puysics BRANCH Balloons with self-recording instruments for upper air investiga-

tion were sent up from Woodstock on the international days until November, 1917, when the supply of instruments was exhausted.

APPENDIX B LXVII

The particulars of those received are given in the following table:

Temperature Height Temperature Date Greatest at greatest of at base of height. height. Stratosphere. | Stratosphere. Miles Miles ADEME TRE 7-3 -58 F 6-4 —60 IE ER MERE 6-7 —60 6-3 —62 Tuner en etre 9.3 —62 6-9 —64 June Other er 9.4 —80 9-3 —80

—_——— Ee —.————

Did not reach June 0. RAA, 8-6 —42 Stratosphere.

| The recoveries have again been poor and it is the intention when

the ascensions are resumed to try some other locality that the balloons . may stand a better chance of being found. All the results of balloon ascents have been published to date.

During September, 1917, Mr. Patterson took meteorological observations at Father Point, Quebec, during the acoustic survey by Dr. L. V. King. Small balloons were used for the determination of the wind direction and velocity in the upper atmosphere during each set of observations on the sound signals, and observations with a pilot tube to determine the gustiness of the wind were taken. At the same time records of temperature, pressure, humidity and wind were obtained on self-recording instruments. The work was essentially preliminary in character and it revealed the very great importance of a knowledge of the upper air conditions and the gustiness of the wind, in any investigation on the propagation of fog signals. It also showed that in order to correlate the different phenomena, the special self-recording instruments with an open time scale and the time given by our clocks are required. A special report was made on the subject to Dr. King.

On Mr. Patterson’s return from Father Point, P.Q., he was re- quested to undertake important war work, and as he has had to give almost all his time to his new duties it has been found necessary to curtail the work of the physics branch.

The observations on evaporation and radiation have been con- tinued, and for the greater part of the year the electrical potential of

LXVIII THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

the air has been measured, but it has not been possible to complete the installation of the earth thermometers.

All mercury used in barometers is now so carefully purified that the most delicate tests give no trace of impurities, and all barometers that become damaged through breakage of the tubes, etc., are re- paired with a new tube and filled in the laboratory by a new process which has given very excellent results.

AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY

The division of Agricultural Meteorology has arranged with the Department of Trade & Commerce to have the assistance and co- operation of the Census & Statistics Office in collecting data regarding wheat growth and the weather changes. Details of this arrangement will be found described in the March number of the “Bulletin of Agricultural Statistics”. The experimental plots maintained on the Dominion Experimental Farms are being continued for another year. The data from these plots is now in hand from three successive seasons

A preliminary article upon the results of the analysis up to the present time will be found in the April number of the “Monthly Bulletin of Agricultural Statistics.”

SEISMOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS

The Milne Seismographs at Toronto and Victoria have been successfully kept in operation throughout the year without change in adjustment, both booms being kept at a period of 18 seconds. A small, illuminating lamp introduced in the Victoria instrument, has reduced the thickness of the centre line on the trace. Previously, the line was so thick, it was impossible to detect small earth tremors.

Toronto registered 144 earthquakes during the year, two of which were very large, five of moderate character, and the remainder with amplitudes from 0-1 to 2 mm. The largest were recorded on May ist, and June 26th, with centres in the South Pacific Ocean and were doubtless of submarine origin. The more moderate occurred on June 8th, June 27th, August 16th, December 29th and February 13th, with centres generally in the Caribbean Sea region. The quake on the 29th of December caused considerable damage and loss of life in Guatemala, whilst that on February 13th practically destroyed the Chinese city of Swatow with loss of life amounting to 10,000. Victoria recorded 122 disturbances during the year.

APPENDIX A LXIX

MAGNETIC OBSERVATIONS

At Agincourt from March 1917 to March 1918 the mean Declina- tion for the month increased from 6° 35-6’ West to 6° 38-1’ West. The mean Horizontal Force decreased from 0-15960 dyne to 0-15925 dyne. The mean vertical Force decreased from 0-58485 dyne to 0-58405 dyne. The mean Total Force decreased from 0-60623 dyne to 0-60537 dyne and the mean Inclination increased from 74° 44-2’ to 74° 44-9’,

At Meanook mean Declination has changed from 27° 45-9’ E to 27° 45-4’ E.

Magnetic disturbances were of frequent occurrence during the year. During the month of August they were particularly active, the largest ones occurring on the 8th, 9th, 20th, and 21st. The Maximum Range in the different elements occurred on the 9th; at Agincourt in Declination the change of direction was from 5° 26-2’ W to 8° 48-7/W, in Horizontal Force from 0-15427 dyne to 0-16414 dyne and in Vertical Force from 0-57517 dyne to 0-58753 dyne, and at Meanook the change of direction was from 25° 16-1’ E to 28° 59-0’ E.

A large number of storms were of the type having sudden com- mencements where the time of the first movement is practically instantaneous throughout the Globe.

The Mean Diurnal Range obtained from the hourly measures of the different elements shows a variation throughout the year at Agincourt having a maximum value in Horizontal Force of 97 gammas in August 1917 and a minimum of 33 gammas in February 1918. In Vertical Force a maximum of 51 gammas in August 1917, and a mini- mum of 9 gammas in January 1918, in Declination a maximum of 17-1 in August 1917 and a minimum of 7-2’ in December 1917, whilst at Meanook it shows in Declination a maximum of 21-5’ in July 1917 and a minimum of 6-3’ in January 1918.

At Meanook the instrument was remounted on a slate base on August 27th, and since then the base line value has kept fairly con- stant.

PHENOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS, 1917

The following report on the phenological observations of 1917 is presented by Mr. F. F. Payne of the Central Office of the Meteorological Service.

“Throughout Canada vegetation was slow in developing and the flowering of plants was unusually late. This was more especially the condition in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario and Quebec.”’

“Somewhat more interest was shown in the phenological observa- tion of 1917 than in the previous year and the number of reports re- ceived was forty-five. Of these several were from new observers

LXX THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA

whilst a few previous contributors failed to report. In Saskatchewan more interest in the work is shown by school children and teachers, and we are indebted to Mr. W. H. Magee, Inspector of Schools, for seven reports from his section.”

“Excellent schedules as usual have been received from Nova Scotia and great credit is due Dr. A. H. Mackay, Superintendent of Education, and his assistants, for the care shewn in the selection from about 450 reports received from which these schedules were com- puted. These are given with average dates in a separate table.”

“The Province of Nova Scotia is divided into its main climatic slopes or regions which are not in some cases co-terminous with the boundaries of the counties. Slopes, especially those to the coast, are subdivided into (a) coast belts (b) inland belts, and (c) high inland belts. Where these letters appear in the tables they refer to these slopes or regions. Dates for slopes IX and X were combined in computing the average for the province. The following regions are marked out, proceeding from south to north and from east to west as orderly as it is possible.”

Region of Slopes Belts I. Yarmouth and Digby Counties...... (a) Coast, (b) Low in- lands, (c) High in- ; lands. II. Shelburne, Queens & Lunen’g Co’s... e III. Annapolis and Kings Counties....... (a) : South” Ms #1(b)

Annapolis Valley, (c) Cornwallis Valley, (d) South Mts. IV. Hants and Colchester Counties, 1 ..(a) Coast, (b) Eowie South to Cobequid Bay J lands, (c) High Inlands V. Halifax and Guysboro Counties..... i Es VI. (A) Cobequid Slope to S (B) Chignecto Slope to N.W.. Dadiiek anes ata), Coast, (bb) bnlameces VII. North’rland Sts. Slopes (to the north)(a) Coast, (b) Low In- lands (c) High Inlands. VIII. Richmond & Cape Breton Co.’s..... $ IX. Bras Or Slope (to the southeast)..... $ iz X. Inverness Slope (to Gulf, northwest). i Ë Owing to the great number of observers and others taking part in the production of the tables for Nova Scotia, their names are omitted from the following list:

LIST OF STATIONS AND OBSERVERS W. H. Hicks, Agassiz, B.C. Stanley R. S. Bayne, Alberni, B.C.

APPENDIX B XXI

A. B. Taylor, Atlin, B.C.

A. C. Murray, Fort St. James, B.C.

Mrs. Hugh Hunter, Princeton, B.C.

John Strand, Quesnel, B.C.

Lionel Stevenson, Sydney, B.C.

Geo. W. Johnson, Yale, B.C.

AS. Barton, Victoria; B.C;

Mrs. W. L. Fulton, Halkirk, Alta.

Thomas B. Waite, Ranfurly, Alta.

Ralf J. Good and pupils. Blaine Lake, Sask.

I. F. Stalker and pupils. Denholm, Sask.

L. B. Potter, Eastend, Sask.

R. H. Carter, Fort Qu’Appelle, Sask.

Geo. Lang, Indian Head, Sask.

R. A. Sim, Noremac, Sask.

Miss E. M. O. Seaboyer and pupils, North Battleford, Sask. Miss Olive Parker and pupils, Oldbury, Sask.

Miss M. E. Brown and pupils, Babbit Lake, Sask.

C. W. Bryden, Shellbrook, Sask.

Mrs. Helena Graham and pupils, Wanganui, Sask.

Ernest Symons, Wapella, Sask.

Mrs. R. E. Good and pupils, Windsor Lake, Sask.

William Irvine, Almasippi, Man.

C. I. Baragar, Elm Creek, Man..

Miss M. R. Dutton, Gilbert Plains, Man.

Patients and staff of Manitoba Sanatorium. Ninette, Man. A. Goodridge, Oak Bank, Man.

Jas. D. Plaice, Rapid City, Man.

John Hollingworth, Beatrice, Ont.

Rev. Charles J. Young, Brighton, Ont.

Miss Mary Moffitt, Cape Croker, Ont. PARA ax Dr. Parfitt, Gravenhurst, Ont. | ZB! LA; W. E. McDonald, Lucknow, Ont. € H. M. Meighen, Perth, Ont.

L. G. Morgan, Port Dover, Ont.

M. A. Thompson, Queensboro, Ont.

F. F. Payne, Toronto, Ont.

David McKenzie, Abitibi, Que.

Brother Dentonin, Beauceville, Que.

A. C. Gorham, Macdonald College, Que. R. J. Mowat, Dalhousie, N.B.

Maple Ridge School, Maple Ridge, N.B. Miss Rawena Waye, Charlottetown, P.E.I.

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